Orientadores: Sérgio Roberto Peres Line, Marcelo Rocha Marques / Texto em português e inglês / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-24T17:45:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ribeiro_MarianaMartins_D.pdf: 2903322 bytes, checksum: 9e0e5e91a22262495ca9bf8ae1d84cec (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: G-Quadruplexes são estruturas secundárias presentes nas moléculas de DNA e RNA, os quais são formados pelo empilhamento de G-quartetos (interação de quatro guaninas (G-tratos) delimitadas por ligações de hidrogênio do tipo Hoogsteen. O intron 1 do gene PAX9 humano tem um G-quadruplex formado na região localizada perto do exon 1, que é conservada entre os mamíferos placentários. Análises de Dicroísmo Circular (CD), e CD melting mostraram que estas sequências são capazes de formar estruturas quadruplex altamente estáveis. Devido à proximidade da estrutura quadruplex ao limite éxon-íntron foi utilizado um ensaio validado de splicing duplo repórter e PCR em tempo real para analisar o seu papel na eficiência de splicing. O quadruplex humano mostrou ter um papel chave na eficiência de splicing do íntron 1 do gene PAX9, já que uma mutação que aboliu a formação do quadruplex diminuiu drasticamente a eficiência de splicing. O quadruplex de rato, menos estável, mostrou menor eficiência quando comparado com sequências humanas. Além disso, o tratamento com 360A, um forte ligante que estabiliza estruturas quadruplex, aumentou ainda mais a eficiência de splicing do íntron 1 do PAX9 humano. Em conjunto estes resultados fornecem evidências de que as estruturas de G-quadruplex estão envolvidas na eficiência de splicing do intron 1 do gene PAX9 / Abstract: G-Quadruplex are secondary structures present in DNA and RNA molecules, which are formed by stacking of G-quartets (i.e. interaction of four guanines (G-tracts) bounded by Hoogsteen hydrogen bonding). Human PAX9 intron 1 has a putative G-quadruplex- forming region located near exon 1, which is conserved among placental mammals. Using Circular Dichroism (CD) analysis, and CD melting we showed that this region is able to form highly stable quadruplex structures. Due to the proximity of the quadruplex structure to exon-intron boundary we used a validated double reporter splicing assay and real time PCR to analyze its role on splicing efficiency. The human quadruplex was shown to have a key role on splicing efficiency of PAX9 intron 1, as a mutation that abolished quadruplex formation decreased dramatically splicing efficiency. The less stable, rat quadruplex had a less efficient splicing when comparing to human sequences. Additionally, the treatment with 360A, a strong ligand that stabilizes quadruplex structures, further increased splicing efficiency of human PAX9 intron 1. Altogether these results provide evidences that G-quadruplex structures are involved in splicing efficiency of PAX9 intron 1 / Doutorado / Histologia e Embriologia / Doutora em Biologia Buco-Dental

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / Purpose of the Study: Determine if there is an association of the CII/D2 malocclusion and genes linked to hypodontia, namely PAX9 and MSX1. Methods and Materials: One hundred probands with CII/D2 and one hundred non-CII/D2 with no hypodontia were enrolled in this study. Clinical exam, photographs, models, radiographs, and saliva were gathered. DNA was isolated from the saliva and sent for genetic analysis. Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) from the PAX9 and MSX1 genes were analyzed using the LightCycler® 480 to verify the presence of each with the CII/D2 malocclusion. A Hardy-Weinberg test was used to screen for genotyping errors, then a chi-square test was used to evaluate the association of the SNP genotypes. A p-value of 0.05 was considered significant. Results: The Hardy-Weinberg test showed no significant differences between observed and expected counts thus we used them for association analysis. Chi-square analysis indicated no significant association between CII/D2 and the MSX1 rs3821949 and the PAX9 1955734 genotypes. Although a p-value of 0.06 for the PAX9 rs8004560 suggested association, it was considered a grey area and insufficient to conclude that there was significant association. Since the SNP PAX9 rs8004560 was insufficient, additional statistical analysis was also performed on the PAX9 rs8004560 genotype of the CII/D2 affected subjects reported to have hypodontia of any tooth including third molars and excluding third molars. A chi-square test yielded a p-value of 0.08 on the analysis of CII/D2 with hypodontia for any permanent tooth except third molars, which suggested association, but insufficient to conclude a significant association. All other analyses indicated a lack of association of the PAX9 rs8004560 SNP. Conclusions: There is no significant association of CII/D2 and the SNPs MSX1 rs3821949 and PAX9 rs1955734. There is a suggestion that there is an association of the SNP PAX9 rs8004560 and CII/D2. There is a suggestion that there is an association of SNP PAX9 rs8004560 and CII/D2 subjects with hypodontia of any tooth except third molars.