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The purpose of this study was to provide a group experience to a high risk population which addressed the problems of chemical use. The study attempted to evaluate the impact of a developmentally focused prevention program on the range of developmental skills in a population of high risk youth.;The subjects for this study were drawn from a population of young adolescent boys who had been committed to the State Department of Corrections and placed at Barrett Learning Center. Subjects were randomly selected from those youth who entered the institutional population between November 1, 1981 and February 1, 1982.;Twenty-four subjects were randomly selected from the population and randomly assigned to one of three groups, two treatment groups and a control group. The subjects in the treatment groups participated in the developmental skills program, the eight subjects in the control group received no treatment other than participation in the regular program of the institution.;It was hypothesized that the subjects who had completed the developmentally oriented prevention program would show a greater knowledge of alcohol and drugs, would show greater gains in self concept, would exhibit a greater frequency of appropriated interpersonal behaviors as selected in ratings by the institutional counselors using the Adaptive Behavior Scale and selected scales of the Adjective Checklist, and would show greater improvements in overall adjustment to institutionalization than those subjects in the control group.;It was concluded that the subjects who participated in the developmental skills program demonstrated a greater understanding of basic information on the effects of alcohol and other drugs than those subjects in the control group. A significant difference was found in ratings by counselors of the subjects on Domain 15- Mannerisms of the Adaptive Behavior Scale. The data did not support the other hypothesis conclusively.;Further study is recommended to evaluate the relative effectiveness of this model of prevention in comparison with other selected prevention models. Evaluation of the long term effects of the program, the application of this proram to other high risk populations of youth, and additional suggestions for further research are proposed.

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The primary purpose of this investigation was to assess the differential effects of a structured group experience in television production on the group interaction and leadership behaviors, peer ratings, and teacher evaluations of a select group of gifted elementary school students. The secondary purpose was to assess the differential display of group interaction and leadership behaviors and differences in teacher evaluations of gifted children who had been designated as high or low independent on the basis of their scores on the Children's Personality Questionnaire.;The research sample for the primary phase consisted of 20 gifted children from the fourth, fifth, and sixth grades in the Williamsburg-James City County public schools. The subjects (12 males and 8 females) were self-selected into two groups; one which served as the treatment condition and one as the control condition. The treatment condition involved the children's participation in a Television Production Workshop; a workshop in Logic and Problem Solving served as the control condition.;A Non-equivalent Control Group Design was used for this phase of the study. During the third week of treatment and during the next to the last week of treatment, videotapes were made of all subjects working in groups; these interactions were analyzed using the Interaction Process Analysis (IPA, Bales, 1950). Teachers and peers rated the subjects during the final week of treatment using the Barclay Classroom Climate Inventory (BCCI, Barclay, 1978).;The Mann-Whitney U Test was used for analyzing all the data to determine if significant differences existed between the experimental and control groups in the areas of the number of group interaction behaviors displayed, the number of leadership behaviors displayed, the ratings of peers, and the ratings of teachers. All hypotheses were tested at the .05 level of significance.;Major findings included the following: (1) A statistically significant difference was observed between the experimental group and the control group on three scales of the IPA. The treatment group showed more gain in the number of opinion-give behaviors displayed, but less in the number of orientation-giving and orientation-seeking behaviors displayed. . . . (Author's abstract exceeds stipulated maximum length. Discontinued here with permission of author.) UMI.

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Compared to the heterosexual students, LGB college students appear to experience a different process of career decision-making. It is crucial to know the influence of both personal and environmental factors on the career decision-making process of LGB individuals when considering factors that affect LGB individuals’ career development. However, there has been limited effort to investigate the mechanisms interacting between individual and environmental factors in developing career decision-making among LGB college students. The current study examined the effects of lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) identity on career decision-making self-efficacy. For this purpose, this study utilized a mediation model that incorporates a personal (self-compassion) and an environmental (social support) factor as key model variables. This study applied structural equation modeling (SEM) to identify mediating factors that contribute to career decision-making self-efficacy for LGB college students. 252 LGB college students completed the online-survey that included questionnaires to provide the data for this study: (a) demographic questionnaire, (b) the Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Identity Scale (Mohr & Kendra, 2011), the Self-Compassion Scale (Neff, 2003a), the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (Zimet, Dahlem, Zimet, & Farley, 1988), and Career Decision-Making Self-Efficacy-Short Form (Betz, Klien, & Taylor, 1996). Structural equation modeling results supported the mediating effects of perceived social support and self-compassion. More specifically, three-path mediated effects (Taylor, MacKinnon, & Tein, 2007) showed that LGB identity development was associated with perceived social support, which in turn was linked with increased self-compassion, resulting in greater self-efficacy in career decision-making. In addition, a two-path mediated effect showed that perceived social support mediated the relationship between LGB identity development and career decision-making self-efficacy in a positive direction. These results indicate that after initiated by LGB identity development, a personal (i.e., self-compassion) and an environmental (i.e., social support) factor are meaningful antecedents when developing LGB individuals’ self-efficacy in career decision-making. The primary implications for college and career counselors include: 1) considering both individual and social contextual factors in planning intervention for LGB college students’ career decision-making, and 2) conducting a holistic assessment practices to explore LGB clients’ personal and social contextual factors, and 3) how those factors interact in career decision-making processes. Implications for counselor educators include increasing sexual minorities’ career related issues into curricula, and providing specific career models that share pragmatic tools. Areas for future research are also discussed.

The purpose of this research was to examine the influence of co-curricular involvement on the need for cognition. Using multiple regression, I analyzed the relationship between co-curricular involvement and the need for cognition while controlling for sex, race, pretest, precollege academic motivation, SES, precollege academic ability, high school involvement, institutional type, work, residence, major, non-classroom interactions with faculty, and the kind of instruction. I also analyzed whether race, sex, or the type of institution students' attend further influenced the effect of involvement on the need for cognition The main effects model found the impact of involvement on the need for cognition to be statistically non-significant. While looking at conditional effects, I found being involved had a small, but positive, statistically significant impact on the need for cognition for non-white students. Also during this exploration I found sex and institutional type did not significantly impact the effects of involvement on the need for cognition. The suggestions for future research include replicating the current study and examining the impact of specific co-curricular involvement opportunities; following-up this study with a qualitative study to discover what students are gaining from co-curricular involvement; looking for additional conditional effects; and exploring what other college experiences impact the need for cognition.

Abstract not available

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether Confucian values based on the four virtues and five relationships influence the style of the HRM practices adopted by Locally owned firms (LOFs) and Foreign owned firms (FOFs) based in Singapore. Confucian values emphasize a way of life. They are based on first cultivating oneself with the basic four virtues highlighted by Confucius (551 - 479 BC). Secondly, through the influence of the individual on others (via the five relationships, namely ruler-subject, father-son, brother-brother, husband-wife and friend-friend illustrated by Confucius), a 'perfect' world with peace and harmony can be created. This study investigates the degree to which the four distinct virtues - 1) human-kindness (ren), 2) integrity (yi), 3) propriety (li) and 4) knowledge (chi) and the five relationships, 1) ruler-subject, 2) father-son, 3) husband-wife, 4) brother-brother and 5) friend-friend, were adopted to underpin the practices of Human Resource Management (HRM) in Singapore. The target group of respondents chosen was executives, who were directly influenced by the style of human resource management in the firm. Electronics/technology related firms based in Singapore were the chosen group. The executives were chosen from electronics/technology related firms because these firms formed the most important industry, responsible for the well being of Singapore's growth (24% of GDP as stated by the Department of Statistics; 1999) and expected to continue so for the next 10 years. Managers from the same firms were given another set of questionnaires to verify the responses obtained from the executives. From the result obtained, it showed that there were influences of Confucian values on the five human resources functions tested. The executives' responses provided evidence on whether or not a certain trait or style has been used in the firm. The managers' responses, on the other hand, helped to verify that the trait or style was due to the influence of Confucian values as a whole and not other cultures or religions. The entire survey and interviews were carried out over twenty months from 1998, during which responses obtainable from both the managers and executives from each firm were analyzed. The data were analyzed using cross-tabulations and chi-square tests because cross-tabulation is one statistical tool which required only at least 5 responses in each cell for a reliable analysis to be conducted (Yong, 1994). Letters were then sent out to the Heads/Managers of the target firms, conducting interviews to obtain more insights to argue the survey data. Two interviews were conducted, taped and results obtained from the quantitative approach, helped further clarify earlier interpretations. This research showed that Singapore-based electronics/technology-related firms, regardless whether they were locally owned or foreign owned, showed that they were influenced by Confucian values in most aspects of the human resource practices. In addition, from the study, it showed that there were no significant differences between locally owned firms and foreign owned firms in terms of the degree of influence Confucian values have on the style of the management. This demonstrated that Chinese culture (in this case - Confucian values) - local/host country's culture played a stronger influence on the style of management in businesses conducted in Singapore than the organization's culture. This finding is important as most past research findings such as Rodrigues (1996) used to state that the organizational culture of the foreign-owned firms often have stronger influence on the practices adopted in firms regardless of the country that they were in. Lastly, after analyzing the responses obtained from the survey, the study justified that four virtues and only three (i.e. ruler-subject, friend-friend, father-son) of the five relationships outlined by Confucius has an impact on the style of HRM amongst Singapore-based firms in the technology/electronics-related industry. / thesis (PhDBusinessandManagement)--University of South Australia, 2002.