Soil physical and chemical properties determine a soil's crop production potential and the sustainability of a production system. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of solid and liquid pig manure application on the physical and chemical properties of soil after 5 years of manure application. Solid pig manure increased saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat) by 110%, aggregate stability by 30%, available and total phosphorus by 471% and 52% respectively, available nitrogen by 38%, organic carbon by 29% and exchangeable K by 308%, and reduced soil bulk density by 14%. Liquid pig manure (LPM) also increased aggregate stability by 21%, exchangeable K by 45%, available P and total P by 258% and 27%, respectively and, reduced bulk density by 6%. An important finding was the 33% decrease in the concentration of exchangeable Ca in LPM-amended soils. Significant manure by cropping system interaction was also obtained for water retention parameters and available water, total nitrogen and electrical conductivity. There was no effect of pig manure on pH and exchangeable Mg concentrations. Soils under perennial vegetation had 31% greater Ksat, 26% increase in available N, 31% greater available P, 15% greater total P and 12% lower bulk density compared with those under annual crops. Our results show that SPM has a potential as a better organic amendment in improving physical and chemical properties of surface soils. / February 2016

No description available.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate physical properties of eight staple rice cultivars grown and consumed in Kyrgyzstan. The objective was to record and discuss values of several analysis in sub-sections of basic physical characteristics, textural characteristics, mechanical characteristics and cooking properties. The physical properties investigated seed dimensions, equivalent diameter, surface area of the grain, sphericity, aspect ratio, volume of the grain, bulk and solid density, porosity, thousand kernel weight, hardness of the grain, colour characteristic, optimum cooking time and water uptake ratio. Those analysis were performed in the laboratory of Czech University of Life Sciences and given methodology was strictly followed.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:34:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2003-05-23Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:23:59Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 torres_jlr_dr_jabo.pdf: 417695 bytes, checksum: 1a1abee9864a748c29b85912bea72f67 (MD5) / O estabelecimento de culturas de cobertura para formação e manutenção dos resíduos culturais na superfície do solo, principalmente nas regiões de cerrado, tem encontrado alguns obstáculos, pois as condições climáticas nestas regiões favorecem a decomposição destes resíduos vegetais. A implantação do plantio direto nestas áreas tem crescido exponencialmente, porém tem sido utilizado como base em dados gerados em outras regiões do País, em outras condições climáticas. O presente estudo teve como objetivo principal estudar as plantas de cobertura mais utilizadas na região, avaliando o tempo de decomposição dos restos culturais, o acúmulo e liberação de nitrogênio por um período de até 320 dias, associando estes dados a produtividade das culturas. Também, fez-se o monitoramento da temperatura e umidade do solo, semanalmente, durante o período de janeiro a junho de 2000 nas profundidades de 0 a 5 e 5 a 10 cm. Após dois anos agrícolas de implantação do experimento, fez-se uma avaliação da influência destas coberturas em algumas propriedades físicas do solo da área. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi de blocos ao acaso, com parcelas subdivididas e quatro repetições. Nas parcelas principais, os tratamentos utilizados constaram de sete tipos de coberturas: milheto (Pennisetum americanum sin. tiphoydes), braquiária (Brachiaria brizantha), sorgo forrageiro (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench), guandu (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp), crotalária juncea (Crotalarea juncea) e aveia preta (Avena strigosa Schreb), pousio e área sob sistema de plantio convencional (testemunha). Nas subparcelas, após a dessecação das coberturas, plantou-se milho e soja, sendo estas culturas rotacionadas no segundo ano... . / The establishment of covering cultures for formation and maintenance of the cultural residues in the soil surface, mainly in the cerrado areas, has been finding some obstacles, because the climatic conditions in these areas favor the decomposition of these vegetable residues. The no tillage system implantation in these areas, has been increasing exponentially, however it has been used as base, the data generated in other areas of the country, in other climatic conditions. The present study had as main objective to study the covering plants more used in this area, evaluating the time of decomposition of cultural remains, the accumulation and liberation of nitrogen for a period up to 320 days, associating these data to the productivity of the cultures. Also, it was made the observation the soil of temperature and humidity, weekly, during the period of January to June 2000, in the depths of 0 - 5 and 5 - 10 cm. After two agricultural years, it was made an evaluation of the influence of the covering plants in some physical soil properties in the area. The experimental design was random blocks, with subdivided plots and four repetitions. The treatments used consisted in eight covering types: pearl millet (Pennisetum americanum sin. tiphoydes), braquiária (Brachiaria brizantha), sorgun (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench), pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp), sunn hemp (Crotalárea juncea) and black oat (Avena strigosa Schreb), fallow land, area in conventional system. In the subplots, after the covering plants dessecation, it was planted corn and soybean, and these cultures were rotated in the second year. Among the appraised coverings it was verified that millet and the sunn hemp were the cultures that presented the best score in dry mass production. Nitrogen accumulation and liberation in the appraised periods... (Complete abstract, click eletronic address below).

Doctor of Philosophy / Department of Grain Science and Industry / Praveen Vadlani / Whole stillage and thin stillage from the ethanol production process were evaluated as substrate sources for the production of [beta]-carotenes using Sporobolomyces Roseus (ATCC 28988). This product has the potential to be used as a novel feed ingredient for poultry, swine, or cattle diets. [Beta]-carotenes have been supplemented in animal diets to improve animal health, enhance meat color and quality and increase vitamin A concentrations in milk and meat. Microbial fermentations involving growth and product kinetics were performed in 500 mL baffled shake flasks and in a 5 L fermentation bioreactor. Media optimization was conducted in shake flasks to evaluate two carbon sources: glucose and glycerol, and two nitrogen sources: ammonium sulfate and urea. Final [beta]-carotene concentration of 272.57±4.34 [mu]g [beta]-carotene/g biomass was found to be highest for the whole stillage, with 10 g/L added glucose and 10 g/L nitrogen added through ammonium sulfate supplementation. Glycerol addition yielded no significant increase (P<.05) in [beta]-carotene yield, while urea addition significantly decreased (P<.05) the final [beta]-carotene concentrations. The resulting fermented product can be blended with regular feed using either whole stillage as a dry feed ingredient or thin stillage as a liquid feed additive. The fermentation of whole stillage significantly influenced the physical and flow properties of the material. Even though there was a significant decrease (P<0.05) in bulk density and increase (P<0.05) in tapped density between DDGS and fermented whole stillage, there was a less pronounced difference between the whole stillage and fermented whole stillage. The fermentation of whole stillage significantly influenced the physical and flow properties of the material. This showed that the fermentation process and resulting nutritional profile had a significant effect on the resulting fermented whole stillage. A 50 L bioreactor was specifically designed to evaluate the scalability of the process and to perform subsequent feed production trails. Pilot scale feed pelleting runs were conducted and the resultant product was put in environmental chambers to determine if [beta]-carotene concentration was reduced as a result of storage. There was a significant decrease (P<0.05) in [beta]-carotene levels after pelleting and after 28 d of storage at elevated temperature and humidity. These decreases were consistent with previous research.

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Orientador: Mário Tanomaru Filho / Banca: Idomeo Bonetti Filho / Banca: Yara Teresinha Corrêa Silva Sousa / Resumo: Materiais endodônticos devem apresentar propriedades físico-químicas segundo ISO e ADA. Novas metodologias empregando Microtomografia Computadorizada (Micro-CT) podem ser utilizadas. Este estudo foi dividido em quatro capítulos: Capítulo 1: avaliou MTA Angelus (MTA), Biodentine (BIO) e óxido de zinco e eugenol (OZE) utilizando testes convencionais e com Micro-CT. Solubilidade e alteração dimensional basearam-se em Carvalho-Junior et al. (2007). Capacidade de preenchimento e alteração volumétrica foram avaliadas por Micro-CT. Foram realizados os testes ANOVA e Tukey com 5% de significância. BIO e MTA apresentaram maior estabilidade dimensional. OZE e BIO mostraram maior capacidade de preenchimento. Aos 7 dias a solubilidade foi maior para BIO e a alteração volumétrica foi semelhante para os materiais. Aos 30 dias, a solubilidade foi semelhante para os materiais, porém a alteração volumétrica foi maior para BIO que MTA. BIO apresenta capacidade de preenchimento, porém maior alteração volumétrica. Micro-CT pode complementar testes convencionais. Capítulo 2: Nova técnica para avaliação do escoamento foi proposta com Micro-CT. MTA, OZE e BIO foram avaliados segundo ISO 6876/2002 e pela técnica proposta. Placa de vidro com cavidade central e 4 canaletas foi confeccionada. Cada material foi colocado sobre a cavidade central e nova placa de vidro posicionada. O conjunto foi escaneado por meio de Micro-CT. O escoamento foi calculado pela mensuração linear (mm) em cada canaleta. O pre... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abtract: Endodontic materials have to present physicochemical properties according to ISO and ADA. New methodologies using microcomputed tomography (Micro-CT) can be used. This study was divided into four chapters: Chapter 1: evaluated MTA Angelus (MTA), Biodentine (BIO) and zinc oxide and eugenol (ZOE) using conventional and Micro-CT tests. Solubility and dimensional stability based on Carvalho-Junior et al. (2007). Filling ability and volumetric change were evaluated by Micro-CT. ANOVA and Tukey test with 5% significance were performed. BIO and MTA had greater dimensional stability. ZOE and BIO showed greater filling ability. At 7 days solubility was greater for BIO and volumetric change was similar for materials. At 30 days, the solubility was similar to the materials, but the volumetric change was greater for BIO than MTA. BIO presents filling ability, but higher volumetric change. Micro-CT can complement conventional tests. Chapter 2: New technique to assess the flow was proposed using Micro-CT. MTA, ZOE and BIO were evaluated according to ISO 6876/2002 and the proposal method. A glass device with a central cavity and four grooves was made. Each material was placed over the central cavity and a new glass device was positioned. The set was scanned by Micro-CT. The flow was calculated by linear measurement (mm) on each groove. The central volumetric filling (CVF) in mm³ was calculated in the central cavity and the lateral volumetric filling (LVF) was measured by the average filling in the side grooves up to 2 mm. The results were submitted to ANOVA and Tukey, with 5% level. ZOE was the material with higher flow by ISO methodology. Using Micro-CT, MTA and ZOE showed higher linear flow. CVF was similar to materials. However, LVF was higher to Biodentine than ZOE. It is concluded that MTA and ZOE have better linear... (Complete abstract electronic access below) / Mestre

A madeira é um material de origem biológica, renovável, com papel importante no ciclo do carbono, que contribui para o desenvolvimento sustentável. As madeiras tropicais brasileiras são apreciadas na indústria da construção civil em peças estruturais, componentes de edificação e mobiliário. A melhor utilização da matéria-prima nos diversos processos depende do conhecimento das suas propriedades, e nesse aspecto, os estudos sobre estabilidade dimensional são escassos, em sua maioria, desenvolvidos para coníferas do hemisfério Norte. Este trabalho tem como objetivo geral aprofundar o estudo da estabilidade dimensional, trabalhando com propriedades físicas de madeiras tropicais brasileiras, com ênfase nas densidades, ponto de saturação das fibras, retratibilidade e inchamento. Utilizando madeira de quinze espécies tropicais brasileiras, foram realizados ensaios, de acordo com a NBR 7190/97 para determinar: densidade aparente 0% e 12% de umidade, densidade básica, ponto de saturação das fibras, retração, inchamento, coeficiente de anisotropia, coeficiente de retratibilidade volumétrica e coeficiente de inchamento volumétrico. Investigaram-se as relações entre as propriedades determinadas de modo a poder inferir sobre: a estabilidade dimensional baseando-se nas densidades; as precisões de relações desenvolvidas em pesquisas correlatas. Além disso, foi desenvolvida (e investigada sua precisão, ao nível de significância 5%) uma relação entre densidade básica e densidade aparente via retratibilidade/inchamento. De acordo com os resultados, o melhor coeficiente de determinação ajustado atingido na tentativa de relacionar densidades com os parâmetros da estabilidade dimensional foi 19,58% indicando que a densidade não é um bom estimador da estabilidade dimensional da madeira. Algumas das relações desenvolvidas em pesquisas correlatas não foram consideradas válidas, de acordo com a análise estatística. Para a relação desenvolvida no presente trabalho, embora a mesma apresente média e coeficiente de variação próximos aos dos resultados experimentais, a análise de representatividade não confirmou sua significância. / Wood is an organic and renewable material, with important role in carbon cycle, which contributes to sustainable development. Brazilian tropical woods are considered in building industry in structural ant other components and in furniture. The better use of raw materials in different processes depends on knowledge of their properties and, in this respect, studies of dimensional stability are scarce, mostly developed for Northern Hemisphere conifers. This work aims to extend the study of dimensional stability, now working with physical properties of Brazilian tropical woods, emphasizing densities, fiber saturation point; shrinkage and swelling. Using wood of fifteen Brazilian tropical species, tests were carried out, according to NBR 7190/97 to determine: density (0% and 12% moisture content); basic density; fiber saturation point; shrinkage; swelling; anisotropy coefficient; volumetric shrinkage coefficient; and volumetric swelling coefficient. Correlations between certain properties were investigated in order to be able to infer: dimensional stability based on densities; precision of relationships developed in related research. Furthermore, it was developed (and investigated their accuracy, 5% significance level) a relationship between specific gravity and bulk density via shrinkage/ swelling. According to results, the best determination coefficient, obtained in attempt to correlate density with parameters of dimensional stability, was 19.58%. This indicates that density is not a good estimator of dimensional stability for tropical wood. Based on statistical analysis, some of the relationships developed in related researches were not considered valid. For the relationship developed in this research, although it presents average and coefficient of variation close to experimental results, analysis of accuracy did not confirm its significance.