Controlar es utilizar en tiempo real las mediciones para corregir automáticamente un proceso. La medición del proceso se corrige todo el tiempo en tiempo real y es el controlador PI el algoritmo de control que se utiliza en un 90% en la industria. Numerosos lazos de control utilizan este algoritmo. En Micro y Mini Centrales Hidroeléctricas en la turbina hidráulica el control de la frecuencia es esencial para preservar la operatividad en esta tesis abordamos el control de la velocidad de la turbina. La utilización de reguladores digitales en el control de la velocidad de Turbinas Hidráulicas Pelton no solamente en las nuevas unidades sino también en las antiguas unidades bajo programas de modernización. Los reguladores digitales ofrecen gran número de ventajas sobre los reguladores mecánicos, eléctricos y electrónicos analógicos. Una de sus ventajas es la facilidad de incorporar funciones de regulación para variar sus ajustes dependiendo de las condiciones externas. La generación de energía eléctrica en Micro y Mini Centrales Hidroeléctricas ayuda a diversificar la matriz energética nacional, produce una menor dependencia del suministro externo de combustibles fósiles y aprovecha los recursos hídricos existentes en el país. La gran extensión del territorio peruano es favorable para la construcción de estas Micro y Mini Centrales Hidroeléctricas.

The need to have mechanisms and Technologies for the control of blood glucose levels is essential for people who have diabetes of any type. This disease still has no cure and is one of the main risk factors for cardiovascular diseases, such as heart attack, stroke, renal complications etc. The number of diabetic people in the world and in Brazil is alarming, in addition, Brazilians occupy the fourth place in the world ranking according to the last survey of the year, 2015, made by the International Diabetes Federation (IDF). Several studies has been conducted in order to obtain the best glycemic control of people with diabetes, one of the current forms of control under investigation is the development of an artificial pancreas. Through the union of three systems: glucose monitoring system, control algorithm and actuator system through an insulin infusion pump, it is possible to obtain efficient results in glycemic control as they already have studies. This work consists of developing a prototype of a low-cost and low-power embedded control system, Hardware in Loop (HIL), based on Arduino nano microcontroller, which can control the blood glucose level of a model of a type 1 diabetes patient, considering some perturbations and noises, using the Kalman filter as estimator. The results obtained with the implementation of the controller are analyzed in order to obtain a better performance. / A necessidade de ter mecanismos e tecnologias para o controle dos níveis de glicose no sangue é essencial para pessoas que possuem diabetes de qualquer tipo, visto que esta é uma doença que ainda não possui cura e é um dos principais fatores de riscos para doenças cardiovasculares, como infarto, AVC, complicações renais e etc. O número de pessoas diabéticas no mundo e no Brasil é alarmante, além disso, tem-se que os brasileiros ocupam o quarto lugar no ranking mundial de acordo com o último levantamento no ano de 2015 feito pela International Diabetes Federation (IDF). Vários estudos têm sido realizados no intuito de obter o melhor controle da glicemia de pessoas com diabetes, uma das formas de controle que está sendo pesquisada atualmente é o desenvolvimento de um pâncreas artificial. Através da união de três sistemas, sendo estes: o de monitoramento da glicemia, o de algoritmo de controle e o de atuador através de bomba de infusão de insulina, é possível que sejam obtidos resultados eficientes no controle da glicemia como já têm mostrado alguns estudos. Este trabalho consiste em desenvolver um protótipo de um sistema de controle embarcado, Hardware in Loop (HIL), baseado no microcontrolador nano Arduino, de baixo custo e de baixo consumo de energia que possa controlar o nível de glicose no sangue de um modelo de um paciente com diabetes tipo 1, considerando algumas perturbações e ruídos, utilizando o filtro de Kalman como estimador. Os resultados obtidos com a implementação do controlador são analisados buscando a obtenção de um melhor desempenho. / São Cristóvão, SE

The curriculum for ICT in UK schools was discontinued in September 2012 and replaced by a 'rebranded' subject of Computing, divided into three sub domains: Computer Science; Information Technology; and digital literacy. The latter was positioned as basic technical skills. There were concerns in the education community that the new curriculum promoted programming and computer science topics to the detriment of digital literacy and applied uses of technology. Much of the Computing education literature perpetuates the hegemony of the logical and abstract, and implies computational thinking and rationality are synonymous with criticality. During the same period, a maker culture was growing rapidly in the UK, and discourses around these activities promoted an entirely different notion of digital literacy, aligned with the wide body of literacy literature that focuses on notions of empowerment and criticality rather than basic functional skills. A digital maker tool called the Raspberry Pi was released with the intention of supporting the development of computer science and digital making competence, and thus sat at the boundary of the academic and maker communities. This thesis argues that developing 'criticality' is a vital component of Computing education and explores how learning activities with the Raspberry Pi might support development of 'criticality'. In setting the scene for the investigation, I will first explore the notions underpinning discourse around both computational and critical thinking and digital literacy, suggesting that the frictions would be best overcome by abandoning abstract constructs of knowledge and assumptions that it is possible to separate theory and practice. I show how the term 'critical' is itself problematic in the literature and I look to Wenger's social theory of learning to avoid the individualistic limits of Papert's constructionism, a popular learning theory in Computing education. Wenger's constructs of knowledgeability and competence help tell a different story of what it means to be a learner of the practice of Computing, both in learning for academic purposes and with intentions towards becoming a practitioner. In concert with learning citizenship, these constructs offer a more ethical framing of 'criticality'. Informed by this theoretical position, I suggest an original, exploratory implementation of Q methodology to explore learning with technology in school settings. I qualitatively compare 'before' and 'after' Q studies that represent perspectives at the individual and collective level, with reference to observations of classroom learning. The methodology facilitates a nuanced and complex investigation and the findings of the project suggest that where pupils are already predisposed to the subject, working with the Raspberry Pi develops a broader knowledgeability, but where there is no such predisposition, a pedagogy of expressibility influences how participation in Raspberry Pi learning activities may impact knowledgeability.