Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-04T18:36:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 GIOVANA DELIBERALI MAIMONE.pdf: 1319303 bytes, checksum: a735e1cbf0f8760a46bedbc74dcede0e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-12-12 / The activities that include the informational treatment are broadly studied and applied by Information Science, concerning printed documents, conventionally found in libraries and information centers. However, in relation to imagetic material, specifically the artistic-pictorial works (paintings) situated in different places, there is little literature about the theme, in spite of communicative and documentary importance these materials can offer. Considering image as a source of information and as an element that can be analyzed and represented, the conceptual framework of the area concerning this theme is presented, intending to identify methodologies of informational treatment, specific of this kind of document. In this perspective, with the purpose of evidencing the state of art in Paulista scene, four representative art institutions of the state of S?o Paulo are observed. Analysis and proposals are elaborated in order to adjust the methodologies found in literatures of the area to the national context, taking into account the economic and the social limits. Two essays with two representative works of the studied museums are made to demonstrate the possibility of appliance of the proposals. Finally, the considerations about the theme reveal the situation of documentary backwardness of Brazil in relation to the developed countries, making the position of museums and painting collection galleries clear in relation to the public: the contemplation. On the other hand, this search demonstrates real possibility of changing this framework, through the application of suggested proposals, expressing worries about the generation of knowledge to the user. This research utilized the inductive method, starting of data observer specifically in each museum with the intent of a general reality. / As atividades que compreendem o tratamento informacional s?o amplamente estudadas e aplicadas pela Ci?ncia da Informa??o no que diz respeito aos documentos impressos, convencionalmente encontrados em bibliotecas e centros de informa??o. Por?m, em rela??o aos materiais imag?ticos, especificamente as obras art?stico-pict?ricas (pinturas) situadas em ambientes diferenciados encontram-se escassas literaturas, apesar da import?ncia comunicativa e document?ria que estes materiais podem oferecer. Partindo da concep??o da imagem como fonte de informa??o e elemento pass?vel de ser analisado e representado, apresenta-se o quadro conceitual da ?rea no que concerne a esta tem?tica, intentando identificar metodologias de tratamento informacional espec?ficas desta tipologia de documento. Nesta perspectiva, com o prop?sito de evidenciar o estado da arte em cen?rio paulista, recorre-se ? observa??o de quatro institui??es de arte representativas do estado de S?o Paulo. An?lises e propostas s?o elaboradas a fim de adequar as metodologias encontradas na literatura da ?rea ao contexto nacional, considerando os limites econ?micos e sociais. Para demonstrar a possibilidade de aplica??o destas propostas, s?o realizados dois ensaios com duas obras representativas dos museus estudados. Por fim, as considera??es revelam a situa??o de atraso document?rio do Brasil em rela??o aos pa?ses desenvolvidos, tornando clara a posi??o dos museus e pinacotecas em rela??o ao p?blico: a contempla??o. Em contrapartida, esta pesquisa demonstra clara possibilidade de modifica??o deste quadro, atrav?s da aplica??o das propostas sugeridas, manifestando preocupa??es quanto ? gera??o de conhecimentos para o usu?rio. Utilizou-se para esta pesquisa o m?todo indutivo, partindo-se de dados observados especificamente em cada museu com o intuito de se chegar a uma realidade gen?rica.

This study has collected and analysed a database of place-names containing potential ethnonymic elements. Competing models of ethnicity are investigated and applied to names about which there is reasonable confidence. A number of motivations for employment of ethnonyms in place-names emerge. Ongoing interaction between ethnicities is marked by reference to domain or borderland, and occasional interaction by reference to resource or transit. More superficial interaction is expressed in names of commemorative, antiquarian or figurative motivation. The implications of the names for our understanding of the history of individual ethnicities are considered. Distribution of Walh-names has been extended north into Scotland; but reference may be to Romance-speaking feudal incomers, not the British. Briton-names are confirmed in Cumberland and are found on and beyond the fringes of the polity of Strathclyde. Dumbarton, however, is an antiquarian coining. Distribution of Cumbrian-names suggests that the south side of the Solway Firth was not securely under Cumbrian influence; but also that the ethnicity, expanding in the tenth century, was found from the Ayrshire coast to East Lothian, with the Saxon culture under pressure in the Southern Uplands. An ethnonym borrowed from British in the name Cumberland and the Lothian outlier of Cummercolstoun had either entered northern English dialect or was being employed by the Cumbrians themselves to coin these names in Old English. If the latter, such self-referential pronouncement in a language contact situation was from a position of status, in contrast to the ethnicism of the Gaels. Growing Gaelic self-awareness is manifested in early-modern domain demarcation and self-referential naming of routes across the cultural boundary. But by the nineteenth century cultural change came from within, with the impact felt most acutely in west-mainland and Hebridean Argyll, according to the toponymic evidence. Earlier interfaces between Gaelic and Scots are indicated on the east of the Firth of Clyde by the early fourteenth century, under the Sidlaws and in Buchan by the fifteenth, in Caithness and in Perthshire by the sixteenth. Earlier, Norse-speakers may have referred to Gaels in the hills of Kintyre. The border between Scotland and England was toponymically marked, but not until the modern era. In Carrick, Argyll and north and west of the Great Glen, Albanians were to be contrasted, not necessarily linguistically, from neighbouring Gaelic-speakers; Alba is probably to be equated with the ancient territory of Scotia. Early Scot-names, recorded from the twelfth century, similarly reflect expanding Scotian influence in Cumberland and Lothian. However, late instances refer to Gaelic-speakers. Most Eireannach-names refer to wedder goats rather than the ethnonym, but residual Gaelic-speakers in east Dumfriesshire are indicated by Erisch­-names at the end of the fifteenth century or later. Others west into Galloway suggest an earlier Irish immigration, probably as a consequence of normanisation and of engagement in Irish Sea politics. Other immigrants include French estate administrators, Flemish wool producers and English feudal subjects. The latter have long been discussed, but the relationship of the north-eastern Ingliston-names to mottes is rejected, and that of the south-western Ingleston-names is rather to former motte-hills with degraded fortifications. Most Dane-names are also antiquarian, attracted less by folk memory than by modern folklore. The Goill could also be summoned out of the past to explain defensive remains in particular. Antiquarianism in the eighteenth century onwards similarly ascribed many remains to the Picts and the Cruithnians, though in Shetland a long-standing supernatural association with the Picts may have been maintained. Ethnicities were invoked to personify past cultures, but ethnonyms also commemorate actual events, typified by Sasannach-names. These tend to recall dramatic, generally fatal, incidents, usually involving soldiers or sailors. Any figures of secular authority or hostile activity from outwith the community came to be considered Goill, but also agents of ecclesiastical authority or economic activity and passing travellers by land or sea. The label Goill, ostensibly providing 178 of the 652 probable ethnonymic database entries, is in most names no indication of ethnicity, culture or language. It had a medieval geographical reference, however, to Hebrideans, and did develop renewed, early-modern specificity in response to a vague concept of Scottish society outwith the Gaelic cultural domain. The study concludes by considering the forms of interaction between ethnicities and looking at the names as a set. It proposes classification of those recalled in the names as overlord, interloper or native.