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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

S?ntese do Poli (?cido l?ctico) por policondensa??o direta utilizando um planejamento fatorial

Mendes, Beatriz Sim?o de Souza Neta 01 November 2013 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:07:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 BeatrizSSNM_DISSERT.pdf: 3822050 bytes, checksum: cb23d4096043d3edf7fed1c6cb6c7f6a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-11-01 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / The environmental impact caused by the disposal of non-biodegradable polymer packaging on the environment, as well as the high price and scarcity of oil, caused increase of searches in the area of biodegradable polymers from renewable resources were developed. The poly (lactic acid) (PLA) is a promising polymer in the market, with a large availability of raw material for the production of its monomer, as well as good processability. The aimed of this study was synthesis PLA by direct polycondesation of lactic acid, using the tool of experimental design (DOE) (central composite rotatable design (CCRD)) to optimize the conditions of synthesis. The polymer obtained was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), viscosimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and size exclusion chromatography (SEC). The results confirmed the formation of a poly (lactic acid) semicrystalline in the syntheses performed. Through the central composite rotatable design was possible to optimize the crystallization temperature (Tc) and crystallinity degree (Xc). The crystallization temperature maximum was found for percentage of catalyst around the central point (0,3 (%W)) and values of time ranging from the central point (6h) to the upper level (+1) (8h). The crystallization temperature maximum was found for the total synthesis time of 4h (-1) and percentage of catalyst 0,1(W%) (-1). The results of size exclusion chromatography (SEC) showed higher molecular weights to 0,3 (W%) percent of catalyst and total time synthesis of 3,2h / Os impactos ambientais causados pelo descarte de embalagens polim?ricas n?o biodegrad?veis no meio ambiente, assim como o alto pre?o e escassez do petr?leo, fizeram com que pesquisas crescentes na ?rea de pol?meros biodegrad?veis provenientes de fontes renov?veis fossem desenvolvidas. O poli (?cido l?ctico) (PLA) ? um pol?mero promissor nesse mercado, com uma grande disponibilidade de mat?ria-prima para produ??o do seu mon?mero, assim como tamb?m boa processabilidade. Dessa forma, este trabalho teve como objetivo a s?ntese por policondensa??o direta do poli (?cido L?ctico) a partir do ?cido-L-l?ctico utilizando a ferramenta de planejamento fatorial, por meio de um delineamento composto central rotacional (DCCR), visando otimizar as condi??es de s?ntese. O pol?mero obtido foi caracterizado por microscopia eletr?nica de varredura (MEV), espectroscopia na regi?o do infravermelho (FTIR), an?lise viscosim?trica, calorimetria explorat?ria diferencial (DSC) e cromatografia por exclus?o de tamanho (SEC). Os resultados obtidos confirmaram a forma??o do poli (?cido l?ctico) semicristalino em todas as s?nteses realizadas. Atrav?s do delineamento composto central rotacional foi poss?vel a otimiza??o da temperatura de cristaliza??o (Tc) e do grau cristalinidade (Xc). A temperatura de cristaliza??o m?xima foi obtida para percentuais de catalisador em torno do ponto central (0,3(W%)) e valores de tempo variando do ponto central (6h) ao n?vel superior (+1) (8h). O grau de cristalinidade (Xc) m?ximo foi obtido para o tempo total de s?ntese de 4h (-1) e percentual de catalisador de 0,1 (W%) (-1). A an?lise de cromatografia por exclus?o de tamanho (SEC) forneceu resultados de maiores massas molares dentre todos os pol?meros sintetizados, para o percentual de catalisador (octoato de estanho) de 0,3(W%) e tempo total de s?ntese de 3,2h

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