With the development of the transport, the traffic is more and more crowed. And another reason which is the price of the vehicle is cheaper. So much more people can buy the cars, thus, the road is more crowd, people should park their cars which need a lot of area, so we can see lots of parking lots in the city, but the classical parking system cannot reach the requirements nowadays. So, we should a new parking system. So, in this report, we will introduce a new parking lot and system, which includes the modelling, programming, material stress analysis and motors. At first, we reference the classical parking lots and some new parking lots. We find some problem about them which have not enough area and non-automated. Thus, we design a dimensional parking lot with programming. Which can realize automatic. Secondly, we use the inventor 2017 to build the model and analysis about stress concentration. We also use inventor to simulation the action about our parking lot. In the model, we use the hydraulic system to drive the lift, which can up and down to park the cars, and we create a new system to fix the wheels to make sure the cars cannot move in the movement procedure. Finally, our parking lot is an automatic and dimensional project. We will show you much more detail about our project, we hope our project will improve the parking lots to make people’s life better and convenient.

In recent years, the automotive industry has been significantly affected by a number of challenges driven by globalisation, economic fluctuations, environmental awareness and rapid technological developments. As a consequence, product lifecycles are shortening and customer demands are becoming more diverse. To survive in such a business environment, manufacturers are striving to find a costeffective solution for fast and efficient development and reconfiguration of manufacturing systems to satisfy the needs of changing markets without losses in production. Production systems within automotive industry are vastly automated and heavily rely on PLC-based control systems. It has been established that one of the major obstacles in realising reconfigurable manufacturing systems is the fragmented engineering approach to implement control systems. Control engineering starts at a very late stage in the overall system engineering process and remains highly isolated from the mechanical design and build of the system. During this stage, control code is typically written manually in vendor-specific tools in a combination of IEC 61131-3 languages. Writing control code is a complex, time consuming and error-prone process.

Orientador: João Mauricio Rosario / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecanica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-23T10:48:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Araujo_EmersondosSantos_M.pdf: 5032969 bytes, checksum: 9aeefffb066e5bc98604e54f765cdb0d (MD5) Previous issue date: 1997 / Resumo: Atualmente devido o aumento da competitividade no meio industrial, a automação é uma das soluções utilizadas para se obter flexibilidade e produtos de alta qualidade. Neste trabalho serão apresentadas ferramentas que permitirão a modelagem e descrição da Parte Operativa e Parte Comando de um Sistema Automatizado de Produção, através do diagrama funcional GRAFCET (SFC). Este conceitos serão aplicados nos diversos postos integrantes de uma Plataforma Industrial em Automação, implementada na UNICAMP dentro de um projeto de cooperação científica, cujo o objetivo principal é a implementação e desenvolvimento de métodos e ferramentas para automação das PME's / Abstract: Nowadays due the increase of competitive in industries, the automation is one of the solutions to reach flexibility and products of high quality. In this work will describe the concepts the that will allow the modeling and description of the operative and command parts of Manufacturing Automation System, using the GRAFCET (SFC) diagram functional. This ideas will be applied at several posts of the Industrial Platform in Automation, implemented at UNICAMP into a project of scientific cooperation. The aim objective of the platform is development of methods and tools for automation of small and middle size enterprises / Mestrado / Mecanica dos Sólidos e Projeto Mecanico / Mestre em Engenharia Mecânica

Ökade förväntningar på hållbarhet, säkerhet och ergonomi ställer krav på allt fler områden, även inom PLC-, samt HMI-programmering. Syftet med detta arbete har varit att modifiera ett analoginput-block, med tillhörande faceplate och faceplate-ikon från Siemens Open Library. Därefter har en jämförelse gjorts mellan de olika programmeringarna med avseende på säkerhet, hållbarhet, cykeltider, utseende och ergonomi. Programmeringarna har även jämförts mot två olika standarder; SSG 5262 och ISO 13849-1. Målet med arbetet har varit att undersöka hur en utökad funktionalitet kan påverka andra aspekter som utseende, ergonomi, cykeltider, säkerhet och hållbarhet. En PLC, som är en typ av programmerbar dator, kan bara läsa bitmönster och för att kunna läsa analoga signaler, behövs an AD-omvandlare. Siemens PLC:er omvandlar signalen till en upplösning på 16 bitar och ger även felkod vid för hög, eller låg insignal. Vid kommunikation mellan människor och maskiner behövs någon form av gränssnitt och i ”open source”-biblioteket Open Library från Siemens finns det bland annat sådana gränssnitt, i form av faceplates. Men det finns även andra färdigprogrammerade funktionsblock för motorstyrningar, med mera. Programkoden gjordes i språket FBD och standarden IEC 61131-3 beskriver uppbyggnaden av detta och andra språk för PLC-programmering. Efter en litteraturstudie inom ämnet, gjordes en implementering av nya funktioner, enligt önskemål från företaget ÅF. De nya funktioner som programmerades till PLC-blocket och faceplaten var; en hysteresfunktion för alarmgränser, filterfunktion med dämpning, grafisk representation av filtrerade signalen, visning i faceplaten av trendkurvor, sensortyp och hjälpfönster. En loggfunktion programmerades även, med en knapp som sparade ingångsvärden i ett datablock. Cykeltiderna mättes till något längre än en millisekund för en genomsnittlig cykeltid för de båda PLC-blocken. Den längsta cykeltiden för originalblocket var 72,892 millisekunder och den längsta för modifieringen var 158,174 millisekunder. Faceplaten gjordes cirka 90% större för att rymma de nya funktionerna. Färgerna, samt textstorlekarna ändrades för att bättre stämma överens med riktlinjerna från SSG 5262. Den ursprungliga faceplaten har mindre textstorlekar och andra färger på processvärden än vad SSG 5262 förespråkar. Ingen av programmeringarna är helt överensstämmande med ISO 13849-1, även om de innehåller säkerhetsrelaterade funktioner. Med avseende på utseende och ergonomi, kan både den ursprungliga och den modifierade faceplaten anses vara vilsamma för ögonen och med få färger. Modifieringen kan ses som något bättre ur en ergonomisk synvikel, på grund av större textstorlek och standardiserade processvärdesfärger. Ur ett hållbarhets- och etiskt perspektiv är det svårt att avgöra vilken programmering som är bäst, eftersom fler funktioner kan ge längre cykeltider och därmed eventuellt högre energiförbrukning, men kan även ge mervärde i form av sparad tid och möjligen pengar. / Higher expectations on sustainability, safety and ergonomics, sets higher demands on an increasing number of areas, including PLC- and HMI-programming. The purpose of this work has been to modify an analog input block with associated faceplate and faceplate icon from Siemens Open Library. A comparsion has been made between the different types of programming, according to such aspects as; safety, sustainability, cycle-time, visual aspects and ergonomics. The programmings have also been compared to two different standards; SSG 5262 and ISO 13849-1. The aim with this thesis work has been to examine how an increased functionality can affect other aspects, such as ergonomics, cycle-time, safety and sustainability. PLC:s, a type of programmable computer, can only read bit patterns and for to be able to read analog signals, the PLC needs an AD-converter. PLC:s from Siemens convert the signal to a resolution of 16 bit and also provides error code when the input signal is too high or too low. With communication between humans and machines, some form of interface is needed and the open source library ”Open Library” from Siemens, provides such interfaces in the form of faceplates. In the library, there are functions that are already programmed, motor control beeing one of them. The program code was written in the FBD language and the standard IEC 61131-3 describes the structure of this and other languages used for PLC programming. After a litterature study on the subject, an implementation of new functions was made, according to requests from the company ÅF-consult. The new functions that were programmed were; a hysteresis function for alarm boundaries, filter function with damping, graphic representation of the filtered signal, display of trend curves, sensor type and help window in the faceplate. A logging function was also programmed, with a button that saved input values in a datablock. The cycle-time was measured to somewhat longer than one millisecond for an average cycle-time for each PLC-block. The longest cycle-time for the original block was 72.892 milliseconds and the longest for the modification was 158.174 milliseconds. The faceplate was made about 90 percent larger, to accomodate the new functions. The colors and the text sizes, were edited to better match the guidelines written in SSG 5262. The original faceplate has smaller text sizes and different colors on process values, than advocated by SSG 5262. Neither of the programmings is completely according to ISO 13849-1, even if they contain safety-related functions. With regards to visual- and ergonomical aspects, both the original and the modified faceplate could be said to be ”pleasant for the eyes”, with few colors. From an ergonomic view the modification can be viewed as somewhat better because of larger text sizes and standardized process value colors. From a sustainability- and ethical perspective, it is difficult to determine which programming is best, because more functions can give longer cycle-times and thereby eventually higher energy consumption, but can give value in the form of time-savings and possibly money-savings.

The diploma thesis deals with the virtual commissioning of robotic workplace designed to engrave board materials and their subsequent packaging. The summary of the knowledge that contributes to the development of the virtual commissioning as well as description of each component of the given robotic cell, are described in the theoretical part. In the practical part are described procedures such as assembling of the simulation model in Process Simulate software, creating the PLC program in integrated development environment TIA Portal or creating visualization for HMI panel. In the end, the actual commissioning of the workplace was performed, followed by additional modification and validation of the robotic program.

<p>The purpose of this research experiment was to explore and implement a cost-effective automation solution into a low volume production line for loading parts onto a coordinate measuring machine (CMM) for dimensional inspection. Quality control practices have historically been separated from production process by inspection routines being performed in a controlled lab. The system demonstrated the possibilities of an in-process automation of the quality control process that was feasible to be implemented for small and mid-sized manufacturing companies. The process involved an APSX horizontal injection mold machine dispensing parts onto the conveyor belt. The conveyor belt was controlled by a Phoenix Contact PLC and two line sensors that provided two stopping point for cooldown before inspection. A MyCobot 320-M5 robotic arm was used to select the part off the line and places it into a fixture on a Hexagon coordinate measuring machine (CMM).</p>