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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Processamento e caracteriza??o da Blenda poli(metacrilato de metila) (PMMA) com part?culas elastom?ricas e policarbonato (PC)

Macedo, Thatiana Cristina Pereira de 13 February 2017 (has links)
Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-06-02T19:15:14Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ThatianaCristinaPereiraDeMacedo_DISSERT.pdf: 3768297 bytes, checksum: d9955850273479736f103ea6caab98f3 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-06-05T19:38:31Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 ThatianaCristinaPereiraDeMacedo_DISSERT.pdf: 3768297 bytes, checksum: d9955850273479736f103ea6caab98f3 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-05T19:38:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ThatianaCristinaPereiraDeMacedo_DISSERT.pdf: 3768297 bytes, checksum: d9955850273479736f103ea6caab98f3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-13 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico (CNPq) / O presente trabalho teve como objetivo realizar um estudo do comportamento reol?gico, mec?nico e microestrutural da blenda poli(metacrilato de metila)/policarbonato (PMMA/PC), utilizando um PMMA com part?culas elastom?ricas at? a invers?o de fase. A prepara??o da blenda PMMA/PC foi feita em extrusora rosca simples e rosca dupla co-rotacional, com posterior moldagem por inje??o. As mudan?as nas caracter?sticas f?sicas e qu?micas do policarbonato foram analisadas por viscosimetria e por espectroscopia de absor??o no infravermelho por transformada de Fourier (FTIR), antes e ap?s o processamento. As caracteriza??es mec?nicas foram realizadas por ensaio de tra??o uniaxial e impacto Izod. Os ensaios reol?gicos foram feitos por medidas de ?ndice de fluidez (MFI) e reometria capilar. Para a an?lise microestrutural da blenda polim?rica foram utilizados microscopia de for?a at?mica (AFM) e microscopia eletr?nica de varredura (MEV). A temperatura de in?cio de decomposi??o t?rmica foi determinada por an?lise termogravim?trica (TG). Os resultados do MFI nas condi??es de processamento indicaram maior fluidez do policarbonato e que, entre todas as composi??es estudadas, a maior parte delas apresentou maior valor de MFI para os materiais processados em extrusora rosca dupla. Por reometria capilar dos materiais sem processamento, observou-se menor varia??o da viscosidade do PC em fun??o do aumento da taxa de cisalhamento. Por TG, foi verificada maior temperatura de in?cio de degrada??o para o PC, mas o processamento alterou mais a estabilidade t?rmica desse pol?mero do que para o poli(metacrilato de metila). As medidas de viscosidade intr?nseca do policarbonato indicaram uma poss?vel degrada??o por cis?o de cadeias, ap?s o processamento, devido a diminui??o da massa molar do material. Por FTIR, n?o foram identificadas bandas distintas para o PC antes e ap?s o processamento. A caracteriza??o mec?nica por tra??o uniaxial revelou maior resist?ncia m?xima ? tra??o, maior m?dulo de elasticidade e maior alongamento na ruptura para o policarbonato e que a compatibilidade da blenda PMMA/PC variou com a concentra??o de PC, sendo observadas algumas composi??es que apesentaram sinergismo nas propriedades. Por resist?ncia ao impacto Izod, foi constatada a elevada resist?ncia ao impacto do PC, quando comparado ao PMMA, mas a adi??o de 20% em massa de PC na matriz de PMMA elevou de forma significativa a resist?ncia ao impacto da blenda PMMA/PC. Pela an?lise morfol?gica por AFM, foi poss?vel visualizar a presen?a de part?culas elastom?ricas esf?ricas com tamanho m?dio de cerca de 182 ? 20 nm no PMMA, distribu?das de forma uniforme ao longo de sua microestrutura; enquanto o PC apresentou apenas uma fase homog?nea. Para a blenda PMMA/PC, verificou-se a presen?a de duas fases bem definidas ao longo de todas as composi??es, e houveram ind?cios de morfologia com caracter?sticas de co-continuidade para as composi??es entre a 70/30 e 50/50, tanto para os materiais processados em extrusora rosca simples quanto em rosca dupla. No que diz respeito as propriedades mec?nicas da blenda PMMA/PC, as composi??es com maior percentual de PMMA foram as que apresentaram melhores resultados de alongamento na ruptura e resist?ncia na ruptura, com propriedades intermedi?rias de resist?ncia ao impacto Izod. Na invers?o de fases, por sua vez, os resultados seguiram as caracter?sticas do policarbonato, n?o havendo ganhos significativos de propriedades. / The aim of this work was to study the rheological, mechanical and microstructural behavior of poly (methyl methacrylate)/polycarbonate (PMMA/PC) blends using a PMMA with elastomeric particles until phase inversion. The PMMA/PC blends were processed in single screw extruder and co-rotational twin screw extruder, with subsequent injection molding. The changes in the physical and chemical characteristics of the polycarbonate were analyzed by viscosimetry and by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) before and after processing. The mechanical characterizations were performed by uniaxial tensile test and Izod impact. The rheological tests were done by melt flow index (MFI) and capillary rheometry. Microstructural analysis of the polymer blends was performed using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The thermal degradation temperature was determined by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The results of the MFI in the processing conditions indicated a higher flowability of the polycarbonate among all the studied compositions; most of them present higher value of MFI for the materials processed in twin screw extruder. In the capillary rheometry of the unprocessed materials a lower PC viscosity variation was observed as a function of the shear rate increase. TGA showed a higher degradation onset temperature for the PC, but the processing altered the thermal stability of that polymer more than for poly (methyl methacrylate). The intrinsic viscosity measurements of the polycarbonate indicated a possible degradation by chain scission after processing due to the decrease in the molar mass of the material. The FTIR did not identify distinct bands for the PC before and after the processing. The mechanical characterization by uniaxial tensile revealed higher tensile strength, higher modulus of elasticity and greater elongation at break for polycarbonate, and the compatibility of PMMA/PC blends varied with PC concentration, with some compositions that showed synergism in the properties. Izod impact strength showed a high PC impact strength when compared to PMMA, but the addition of 20 wt% of PC in the PMMA matrix significantly increased the impact strength of PMMA/PC blends. The morphological analysis by AFM visualized the presence of spherical elastomeric particles with an average size of about 182 ? 20 nm in the PMMA, evenly distributed along its microstructure, while the PC presented only one homogeneous phase. The PMMA/PC blend showed two well-defined phases throughout all the compositions, and showed evidence of morphology with co-continuity characteristics for the compositions between 70/30 and 50/50 wt%, both for the materials processed in single screw extruders as well as twin screw extruders. The compositions with the highest percentage of PMMA in the PMMA/PC blends were the ones with the best results of rupture strength and elongation at break, and the Izod impact resistance showed intermediate properties. The results in the phase inversion followed the characteristics of the polycarbonate, not showing significant gains of properties.
2

Processamento e caracteriza??o da blenda poli (metacrilato de metila) (PMMA) elastomerico e poli (tereftalato de etileno) (PET) p?s-consumo

Reinaldo, Jucikl?cia da Silva 23 August 2013 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:07:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JucikleciaSR_DISSERT.pdf: 18878091 bytes, checksum: 13af0d90d6b4b0980975e46b7393cd8c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-08-23 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / This work studied the immiscible blend of elastomeric poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) with poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) bottle grade with and without the use of compatibilizer agent, poly(methyl methacrylate-co-glycidyl methacrylate - co-ethyl acrylate) (MGE). The characterizations of torque rheometry, melt flow index measurement (MFI), measuring the density and the degree of cristallinity by pycnometry, tensile testing, method of work essential fracture (EWF), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were performed in pure polymer and blends PMMA/PET. The rheological results showed evidence of signs of chemical reaction between the epoxy group MGE with the end groups of the PET chains and also to the elastomeric phase of PMMA. The increase in the concentration of PET reduced torque and adding MGE increased the torque of the blend of PMMA/PET. The results of the MFI also show that elastomeric PMMA showed lower flow and thus higher viscosity than PET. In the results of picnometry observed that increasing the percentage of PET resulted in an increase in density and degree crystallinity of the blends PMMA/PET. The tensile test showed that increasing the percentage of PET resulted in an increase in ultimate strength and elastic modulus and decrease in elongation at break. However, in the phase inversion, where the blend showed evidence of a co-continuous morphology and also, with 30% PET dispersed phase and compatibilized with 5% MGE, there were significant results elongation at break compared to elastomeric PMMA. The applicability of the method of essential work of fracture was shown to be possible for most formulations. And it was observed that with increasing elastomeric PMMA in the formulations of the blends there was an improvement in specific amounts of essential work of fracture (We) and a decrease in the values of specific non-essential work of fracture (βWp) / Neste trabalho ? estudada a blenda imisc?vel poli(metacrilato de metila) (PMMA) elastom?rico com poli(tereftalato de etileno) (PET) grau garrafa com e sem o uso do agente compatibilizante, poli(metacrilato de metila-co-metacrilato de glicidilaco- acrilato de etila) (MGE). As caracteriza??es de reometria de torque, medida de ?ndice de fluidez (MFI), determina??o da densidade e do grau de cristalinidade por picnometria, ensaio de tra??o uniaxial, m?todo do trabalho essencial fratura (EWF), microscopia eletr?nica de varredura (MEV) e microscopia eletr?nica de transmiss?o (MET), foram realizadas nos pol?meros puros e nas blendas PMMA/PET. Os resultados reol?gicos apresentaram ind?cios de rea??o qu?mica entre o grupo ep?xi do MGE com os grupos finais de cadeias do PET e, tamb?m, com a fase elastom?rica do PMMA. O aumento na concentra??o de PET reduziu o torque e a adi??o do MGE aumentou o torque da blenda PMMA/PET. Os resultados de MFI mostraram tamb?m que, o PMMA elastom?rico apresentou menor fluidez e, consequentemente, maior viscosidade que o PET. Nos resultados de picnometria observou-se que, o aumento da porcentagem de PET proporcionou um aumento na densidade e no grau de cristalinidade das blendas PMMA/PET. Os ensaios de tra??o mostraram que, o aumento da porcentagem de PET proporcionou um aumento na resist?ncia m?xima e no m?dulo de elasticidade e uma diminui??o no alongamento na ruptura. Entretanto, na invers?o de fase, onde a blenda apresentou ind?cios de uma morfologia cocont?nua e tamb?m, com 30% de fase dispersa PET e compatibilizada com 5% de MGE, verificaram-se resultados expressivos de alongamento na ruptura em rela??o ao PMMA elastom?rico. A aplicabilidade do m?todo do trabalho essencial de fratura mostrou-se poss?vel para a maioria das formula??es. Observou-se ainda que, com o aumento do PMMA elastom?rico nas formula??es das blendas, ocorreu uma melhoria nos valores do trabalho essencial espec?fico de fratura (We) e uma redu??o nos valores do trabalho n?o essencial espec?fico de fratura (βWp)

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