Available information in Swaziland indicates that there are stocks of persistent organic pesticides that have been discontinued elsewhere because of their carcinogenic, mutagenic and teratogenic properties. Some of these pesticides, such as DDT and endosulfan, are still used in agriculture to protect crops and livestock from pests and diseases, and in vector control especially mosquitoes. There has been an increase in the use of these pesticides over the years. It is estimated that about 30–40% of the population may have already been exposed to these pesticides. The cultural and lifestyle determinants of pesticide exposure are highlighted.