Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Queensland, 2001. / Includes bibliographical references.

Fetal overgrowth is associated with adverse outcomes for offspring and with maternal obesity. Results from a systematic review and meta-analysis showed that maternal obesity is associated with fetal overgrowth, defined as birthweight ≥4000g (OR 2.17, 95% CI 1.92, 2.45), birthweight ≥4500g (OR 2.77, 95% CI 2.22, 3.45) and birthweight ≥90%ile for gestational age (OR 2.42, 95% CI 2.16, 2.72). A retrospective cohort study revealed that mothers whose infants are macrosomic are more likely to require induction of labour (OR 1.42, 95% CI 1.10-1.98) and delivery by Cesarean section (OR 1.45, 95% CI 1.04-2.01), particularly for maternal indications (OR 3.7, 95% CI 1.47-9.34), if they are obese. Infants from these pregnancies are significantly more likely to require neonatal resuscitation in the form of free flow oxygen (OR 1.57, 95% CI 1.03, 2.42) than macrosomic infants of non-obese mothers. Thus, co-existing maternal obesity and macrosomia increases the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes.

Thesis (doctoral)--Freie Universität Berlin, 1980.

Thesis (M.P.H.)--Georgia Southern University, 2005. / "A thesis submitted to the Graduate Faculty of Georgia Southern University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Master of Public Health" ETD. Includes bibliographical references (p. 107-125) and appendices.

Fetal overgrowth is associated with adverse outcomes for offspring and with maternal obesity. Results from a systematic review and meta-analysis showed that maternal obesity is associated with fetal overgrowth, defined as birthweight ≥4000g (OR 2.17, 95% CI 1.92, 2.45), birthweight ≥4500g (OR 2.77, 95% CI 2.22, 3.45) and birthweight ≥90%ile for gestational age (OR 2.42, 95% CI 2.16, 2.72). A retrospective cohort study revealed that mothers whose infants are macrosomic are more likely to require induction of labour (OR 1.42, 95% CI 1.10-1.98) and delivery by Cesarean section (OR 1.45, 95% CI 1.04-2.01), particularly for maternal indications (OR 3.7, 95% CI 1.47-9.34), if they are obese. Infants from these pregnancies are significantly more likely to require neonatal resuscitation in the form of free flow oxygen (OR 1.57, 95% CI 1.03, 2.42) than macrosomic infants of non-obese mothers. Thus, co-existing maternal obesity and macrosomia increases the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes.

Pregnancy is a maturational crisis which involves changes in the sexuality-related roles and functions of an expectant couple. The needs and concerns of such couples regarding sexuality are not readily communicated and are therefore potential contributors to marital stress. If nurse-prenatal teachers knew what the concerns of expectant couples were they could assist them through teaching and discussion to deal with their concerns. Therefore the purpose of this study was to develop a questionnaire which would elicit the perceived needs of expectant couples regarding sexuality during pregnancy. The process of development consisted of three phases of data collection with volunteers recruited from urban classes for expectant parents. The first phase consisted of unstructured interviews. Structured interviews constituted the second phase and a self-administered questionnaire was used for the third phase. With the aid of interviewee responses and consultants' advice, the questions were developed and refined. It was determined that concerns and needs related to sexuality during pregnancy could be elicited by the questionnaire and the author demonstrated how this information could be used to direct content for prenatal instruction. / Applied Science, Faculty of / Nursing, School of / Graduate

Thesis (D.N.S.)--Boston University. / PLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis or dissertation. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you. / 2031-01-01

Thesis advisor: June Horowitz / Objective: The purpose of this study is to identify the psychosocial needs and views about desired services and decision making of women with unintended pregnancies who seek the help of pregnancy counselors or caregivers. Women were asked to describe in their own words what they found helpful and unhelpful in counseling. This information will be used to more clearly define the role of caregivers with women during their experience in hopes of improving maternal and newborn outcomes in unintended pregnancies. Design: A mixed-method design with a quantitative descriptive component and a qualitative descriptive component was used Setting: Data were collected over the course of several months and took place at two locations of Pregnancy Help. Pregnancy Help are pregnancy resources centers located in Brighton and Natick near Boston, MA. Population: Pregnancy Help serves women ranging from teenage years to women over 40, with mostly of lower socioeconomic status, and lower educational attainment with a wide range of backgrounds such as Caucasian, African-American, Haitian, Brazilian, and women from other countries. Methods: Prospective participants were contacted on the telephone and invited to participate in the study during their third trimester and up to 2 years postpartum. All 23 participants were included in the 15 to 35 minute quantitative descriptive component which consisted of completing a questionnaire composed of three instruments: (1) Prenatal Self-Evaluation Questionnaire (Lederman & Weis, 2009), (2) Pregnancy Decision-Making Questionnaire, and (3) Demographic Information Questionnaire. Of all participants, 10 women were asked to partake in the qualitative component which consisted of a 30 to 60 minute open-ended Pregnancy Counseling Interview. Results: As with the national demographics of women with unintended pregnancies, the women who participated in this study were mostly young, single African American or Latina women of lower socioeconomic status, and lower educational attainment. Their psychosocial profiles indicated decreased maternal adaptation in every psychosocial dimension. Qualitative data from interviews served as an illustration of the psychosocial and demographic profiles, revealing background and the experience of unintended pregnancy for each woman. This data provided insight into the difficulty and complexity of their experience and of pregnancy decision-making. Aspects of counseling such as being welcoming, encouraging, non-judgmental, motherly, and informative were perceived as beneficial to the women. Women also appreciated the combination of counseling with material support and referrals to social, financial, and medical services. / Thesis (BA) — Boston College, 2012. / Submitted to: Boston College. Connell School of Nursing. / Discipline: College Honors Program. / Discipline: Nursing.

The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the current state of knowledge regarding the experience of intimate partner violence (IPV) during pregnancy. Pregnancy IPV is a significant problem worldwide, with rates varying significantly by country and maternal risk factors. Pregnancy IPV is associated with adverse newborn outcomes, including low birth weight and preterm birth. Many mechanisms for how IPV may impact birth outcomes have been proposed and include direct health, mental health, and behavioral effects, which all may interact. Screening for IPV during pregnancy is essential, yet due to time constraints and few clear recommendations for assessment, many prenatal providers do not routinely inquire about IPV, or even believe they should. More training is needed to assist health care providers in identifying and managing pregnancy IPV, with additional research needed to inform effective interventions to reduce the rates of pregnancy IPV and resultant outcomes.

Objectives: The goal of this investigation was to examine the prevalence of different types of intimate partner violence (IPV) during pregnancy, as well as the association between both physical and psychological IPV and negative health behaviors, including smoking, other substance use, inadequate prenatal care utilization, and nutrition, in a rural sample. Methods: 104 southern Appalachian women, primarily Caucasian and lower SES, completed a pregnancy interview focused on IPV (CTS2) and health behaviors. Medical records were also reviewed. Results: 81% of participants reported some type of IPV during the current pregnancy, with 28% reporting physical IPV, and 20% reporting sexual violence. More than half were current smokers. Physical IPV during pregnancy was associated with significantly increased rates of pregnancy smoking (including decreased rates of quitting and reducing), increased rates of alcohol, marijuana, and harder illicit drug use around the time of conception, and later entry into prenatal care. The experience of psychological IPV during pregnancy was associated with a significantly decreased likelihood of quitting or reducing smoking during pregnancy, an increased rate of alcohol use around the time of conception, and an increased rate of pre-pregnancy obesity. Conclusions: In this sample, pregnancy IPV and smoking occurred at rates well above national averages. Additionally, while physical IPV during pregnancy was associated with several negative pregnancy health behaviors, the experience of psychological IPV, even in the absence of physical IPV, also placed women at increased risk for negative health behaviors, all of which have been linked to poor pregnancy and newborn outcomes.