Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-14T13:22:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 447221.pdf: 1151139 bytes, checksum: 47916015df78938c7a9d15a76f7017a0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-12-21 / Family is the first group that a human being takes part of. The scientific field is showing more and more interest in the family institution and when we talk about it we should always keep in mind that each of its members is unique and singular. The Systems Theory understand the families work in order to maintain their homeostatic balance and they avoid any form of change, too. However, this constant search for homeostasis can cause dysfunctional behaviors in the families if these represent a constant in their structures. Then when one of the members of the group decides to search for healthier operation patterns it creates an imbalance in this system that generates conflicts. However family conflicts are not undesirable since they conduct to the growth of the individuals and of the group. It is considered undesirable, when these conflicts are not solved and this is generally caused by lack of communication between the members of the family. Communication is an inherent ability of man and this shows up even through gestures and glances. This phenomenon is characterized as the transmission of information from one person to another and may be intentional or unintentional. Within the family context, the communication shows itself capable of being a mediator and even facilitator of conflicts generated by dissonant attitudes and opinions and it should be open, clear and it should allow a positive problem solving. Many scientific studies have been conducted in the theme of family conflicts and their resolutions, especially in the field of childhood and adolescence.An example of this is the Family Apperception Test (FAT) that is a projective and systemic instrument indicated for children and adolescents aged between six and fifteen years old. This test collects data from the family structure and functioning process from the point of view of the person who answers to it and it is told throughout stories elaborated by this person. FAT is originally American and because of this it must be submitted to studies of adaptation to the Brazilian reality before being marketed in the country. As a result of this, there have been studies of reliability among evaluators, content validity of the instrument and the popular responses. In order to complement this major project, this thesis brings the study of evidence of validity based on internal structure of the Answers Categorization System of FAT, and it is organized into two sections. The first one is theoretical and it analyzes the issues of communication and how it can be a facilitator of family conflicts. The second section is empirical and it performs an exploratory factor analysis made with principal component analysis and varimax rotation to account for the study of evidence of validity. Throughout this work it was possible to reach five factors that were grouped in a theoretically coherent way. This survey had a total sample of 451 children and adolescents that were divided into a non-clinical sample (329 participants) and a psychiatric clinical sample (122 subjects). This clinical sample was divided into five groups according to diagnosis hypotheses. Was reached five factors, which were theorecally coherent. The findings identified that FAT has validity based on the internal structure of the test / A institui??o familiar ? o primeiro grupo ao qual o ser humano se insere. Quando se trata do sistema familiar, ? fundamental se ter em mente que cada um de seus integrantes ? ?nico e singular, o que somente refor?a a premissa cl?ssica da Teoria Sist?mica de que o todo ? maior do que a soma das partes. As fam?lias funcionam de forma a manterem seu equil?brio homeost?tico, evitando qualquer forma de mudan?a. No entanto, esta busca constante pela homeostase pode fazer com que as fam?lias refor?arem comportamentos disfuncionais, desde que estes representem uma constante em sua estrutura. Assim, quando um de seus membros busca padr?es mais saud?veis de funcionamento, este cria um desequil?brio neste sistema, o que gerar? conflitos. A partir do entendimento sist?mico, os conflitos n?o s?o indesej?veis, j? que levam ao crescimento dos indiv?duos e do grupo. Indesej?vel, ent?o, ? a falta de resolu??o destes conflitos, que geralmente ? potencializada por falta de comunica??o entre seus membros. A comunica??o ? uma habilidade inerente do homem e mostra-se presente mesmo atrav?s de gestos e olhares. Este fen?meno caracteriza-se como a transmiss?o de informa??o de uma pessoa a outra, podendo ser intencional ou n?o. Dentro do contexto familiar, a comunica??o mostra-se capaz de ser mediadora, e at? mesmo facilitadora, de conflitos gerados por opini?es e posturas divergentes, devendo ser aberta e clara, permitindo uma resolu??o de problemas positiva. Na tem?tica dos conflitos familiares e de suas resolu??es, muitos estudos cient?ficos t?m sido realizados, especialmente no campo da inf?ncia e da adolesc?ncia.Nesta linha, surge o Teste de Apercep??o Familiar (FAT), instrumento projetivo aperceptivo sist?mico. Ele possibilita colher dados sobre estrutura e funcionamento familiar, a partir da percep??o de um de seus membros. ? indicado a crian?as e adolescentes, com idades entre seis e quinze anos, sendo do tipo elaborar hist?rias. Por ser originalmente americano, ? necess?rio que o mesmo passe por estudos de adapta??o ? realidade brasileira antes de ser comercializado no pa?s. J? foram realizados estudos de fidedignidade entre avaliadores, de validade de conte?do e de respostas populares do instrumento. A presente Disserta??o, traz o estudo de evid?ncia de validade com base na estrutura interna do Sistema de Categoriza??o de Respostas do FAT. Para tal, ? organizada em duas se??es. A primeira, de cunho te?rico, aborda a tem?tica da comunica??o como ferramenta facilitadora dos conflitos familiares. J? a segunda se??o, emp?rica, retrata a operacionaliza??o da an?lise fatorial explorat?ria, por componentes principais e rota??o varimax, para dar conta do estudo de evid?ncia de validade. A amostra total ? composta por 451 crian?as e adolescentes, divididas em dois grupos, um n?o cl?nico (329 participantes) e outro cl?nico psiqui?trico (122 sujeitos). Esta amostra cl?nica dividiu-se em cinco subgrupos, conforme hip?tese diagn?stica. Foi poss?vel chegar a cinco fatores, que se agruparam de forma teoricamente coerente. Com base nos achados, foi poss?vel identificar que o FAT apresenta qualidades psicom?tricas adequadas no que diz respeito ? validade com base na estrutura interna do teste.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-14T13:22:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 461103.pdf: 350178 bytes, checksum: 1d5df0b4fc004c3ee8d18c8f0233ae19 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-03-07 / This Masters Degree Dissertation is divided in two parts: the first section is a review of the literature and the second one is an empirical work, according to the norms of the Post Graduation Program in Psychology of the Pontificia Universidade Cat?lica do Ro Grande do Sul. The first study, whose title is The development of the themes in the Fables test , aimed to review works on the Fables test which have also been dedicated to the study of the themes and to the changes in the test throughout its evolution. A review of the literature has been carried out through an asymmetric review with critical analyses of the data. The analysed works vary from 1946 to 1993 and are discussed considering its contributions both to the development of the themes and to the instrument. Moreover, gaps and limitations are pointed out. The second study, Accordance between judges for the themes of the Fables test , searched to discover if the themes proposed by Cunha e Nunes (1993) are present in the verbalizations of a sample of students. It is an observational, descriptive and transversal study. 104 protocol of verbalization of the Fables test which, along with an evaluation card for the subjects, were read and evaluated separately by pairs of judges. For the analysis of the data it was used the calculation of Kappa with its frequency adjusted to all the fables. The results point to the necessity of better definitions of the themes offered by the test / Esta disserta??o de mestrado est? dividia em uma se??o de revis?o de literatura e uma de trabalho emp?rico, de acordo com normas vigentes no Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Psicologia da Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul. O primeiro estudo, intitulado O desenvolvimento dos temas do Teste das F?bulas, teve por objetivo revisar os trabalhos acerca do Teste das F?bulas que tenham se dedicado tamb?m ao estudo dos temas e ?s mudan?as no teste ao longo de sua evolu??o.Trata-se de estudo de levantamento bibliogr?fico, atrav?s de revis?o assistem?tica com an?lise cr?tica do material. Os trabalhos analisados variam de 1946 a 1993, e s?o discutidos a partir de suas contribui??es tanto para o desenvolvimento dos temas como para o instrumento em geral. Al?m disso, s?o apontadas limita??es e lacunas encontradas. O segundo estudo, Concord?ncia entre ju?zes para os temas do Teste das F?bulas, buscou averiguar se os temas propostos por Cunha e Nunes (1993) est?o presentes nas verbaliza??es de uma amostra de escolares. Trata-se de estudo observacional, descritivo e transversal. Foram utilizados 104 protocolos de verbaliza??es ao Teste das F?bulas que, juntamente com uma ficha de avalia??o dos temas, foram lidas e avaliadas separadamente por pares de ju?zes. Para an?lise dos dados foi feito o c?lculo do ?ndice kappa ajustado para a frequ?ncia para todas as f?bulas. Os resultados apontam para a necessidade de melhores defini??es dos temas propostos pelo teste.