Oxygenic photosynthesis is the major producer of both oxygen and organic compounds on earth and takes place in plants, green algae and cyanobacteria. The thylakoid membranes are the site of the photosynthetic light reactions that involve the concerted action of four major protein complexes known as photosystem II (PSII), cytochrome b6f complex, ATP synthase and photosystem I (PSI). The function of PSII is of particular interest as it performs the light–driven water splitting reaction driving the photosynthetic electron transport. My thesis addressed different aspects of PSII assembly and the functions of its low molecular weight PSII subunits PsbX and PsbW. Photosynthesis in green algae and higher plants is controlled by the nucleus. Many proteins of nuclear origin participate in the regulation of the efficient assembly of the photosynthetic protein complexes. In this investigation we have identified one of these nuclear encoded auxiliary proteins of photosystem II, REP27, which participates in the assembly of the D1 reaction center protein and repair of photodamaged PSII in the green algae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Interestingly, PSII is specially enriched in Low Molecular Weight (LMW) subunits that have masses less than 10kDa. These proteins account for more than the half of the PSII subunits. Several questions remains poorly understood regarding the LMW: Which is their evolutionary origin? What function do they perform in the protein complex? Where are they located in the protein structure? In this investigation the functions of two of these LMW subunits (PsbX and PsbW) have been studied using antisense inhibition and T-DNA knockout mutant plants in Arabidopsis thaliana. Deficiency of the PsbX protein leads to impaired accumulation and functionality of PSII. Characterization of PsbW knock-out plants show that PsbW participates in stabilization of the macro-organization of PSII and the peripheral antenna (Light Harvesting Complex, LHCII) in the grana stacks of the chloroplast, also known as PSII-LHCII supercomplexes.