Syfte: Att ta reda på hur lång livslängd en bildplatta har avseende slitage och bildkvalité.Material och metod: Tre fabriksnya bildplattor användes för att undersöka hur en enskild faktor i arbetsgången för bildgenerering påverkar bildkvalitén. Den första plattan exponerades och skannades 300 gånger. Platta nummer två användes för att undersöka effekten av totalt 300 av- och påtagningar i en frigolithållare, och platta tre användes för motsvarande test av en plasthållare. Exponering skedde utan patient och mot en neutral bakgrund. För samtliga plattor togs i initialskedet en referensbild, och resulterande bilder från testerna granskades i Planmeca Romexis 3.8 och bedömdes enligt en skala 0-3. Plattorna i sig granskades även okulärt, och test av uniformitet gjordes av referensbild och bild 300 i serie 1 med hjälp av ImageJ. Resultat: Samtliga bilder från samtliga plattor bedömdes vara likvärdiga med referensbild. Vid okulär granskning var reporna klart mer uttalade hos den platta som skannats 300 gånger, men reporna återfanns endast på den sida som ej är avsedd att exponeras. Test av uniformitet fann ingen skillnad mellan referensbild och bild nr 300 i serie 1. Slutsats: Studien visar att varken röntgenexponering, skanning eller av- och påtagning i hållare av två olika slag har någon inverkan på bildkvalité efter 300 upprepningar då momenten gjordes var för sig. Vi konkluderar att plattan sannolikt är som mest sårbar då den placeras intraoralt, och föreslår att alla moment gjorda i följd delvis kan svara för den reduktion av bildkvalité som observerats i andra studier. / Aim: To determine the longevity of photostimulable storage phosphor plates (PSPs) with respect to wear and image quality. Method: Three brand new PSPs were used to assess how a solitary factor in the picture generation process affects the picture quality. The first plate was exposed and scanned 300 times. Plate number two was used to assess the effect of mounting and demounting the plate 300 times onto a holder made of styrofoam, and the third plate was used for a corresponding test with a plastic holder. A flat surface was exposed and no patients were involved. A reference picture was taken initially for each plate, and the resulting pictures from the tests were viewed using Planmeca Romexis 3.8 and were evaluated on a scale from 0-3. The individual plates also underwent ocular inspection, and a uniformity test was performed on the first and last picture taken with plate 1, using ImageJ. Results: Each picture from each plate was deemed equivalent to the reference picture. The ocular inspection revealed a more distinct band of scratches on the plate that was scanned the most, although the scratches were only found on the side not meant to receive exposure. No difference in uniformity was found between the first and last picture taken using plate 1. Conclusion: X-ray exposure, scanning and mounting and demounting of PSPs onto holders of two different kinds do not affect the picture quality after 300 repetitions when done separately. We conclude that the plate is likely most susceptible to wear when placed intraorally, and suggest that all the steps made in succession can partly account for the reduction in picture quality observed in other studies.

Electronic Payment Systems (EPS) are gaining popularity all over the world. An EPS consists of many component technologies which facilitate cashless payments for services. The focus of this thesis is on device associated technologies that an end customer uses to initiate an e-payment for a particular service via a Payment Service Provider (PSP). A technology solution in an EPS is developed by a Payment Solution Developer (PSD). The market between a PSP and a PSD is a B2B market. A PSD must understand and develop that combination of technology and service which will successfully diffuse. The success of a PSP therefore depends a lot on what a PSD develops. A theoretical framework to measure diffusion of e-payment technologies, services and their combinations in the B2B market was developed and empirically assessed in this thesis. Two concepts namely concept of breadth and concept of spread were defined. The concept of breadth and spread were applied to e-payment technologies, services and their combinations. The derived concepts namely technology breadth, service breadth, technology spread, service spread and technology-service combination spread were defined and measured. We then extended the concept of breadth to understand utilization of technologies and services within an EPS. Set theory was used to describe the framework. A sample of 45 EPS was compiled from various sources. This secondary data of EPS consisted of 8 technologies and 16 services. The 8 technologies are Interactive Voice Response (IVR), text messaging using Short Messaging Service (SMS), text messaging using Unstructured Supplementary Service Data (USSD), mobile internet using Wireless Application Protocol (WAP), mobile application, Near Field Communication (NFC), Personal Computer (PC) internet and smart card. The 16 services are retail shopping payment, banking, health payment, insurance payment, mobile bill payment, mobile recharge, money transfer, movie ticket booking, parking fee payment, restaurant payment, payment at sports/swimming club, toll payment, transportation payment, tuition fee payment, utilities payment, and vending machine payment. Three categories of PSPs namely core payment service providers (n=18), non-core payment service providers (n=12) and merchants (n=15) were identified from the 45 EPS. Binomial proportion test was used to verify the concepts of breadth and spread. Spearman correlation was used to find correlation between the concept of breadth and spread of technologies and services. The 45 EPS in the sample were then grouped under three sub groups based on the categories of their PSPs. Binomial tests were used within each sub group to understand the preferences of technologies, services and their combinations by each category. The results verified that certain e-payment technologies possess more breadth i.e., capability to deliver many e-payment services and certain e-payment services possess more breadth i.e., delivered by many e-payment technologies. A difference in diffusion i.e., spread of technologies, services and their combinations were observed. Details of these differences are discussed in this thesis for technologies, services and their combinations. A positive correlation was observed between the concept of breadth and spread. Specialization of technologies, services and their combinations within categories of PSPs were observed. Variations in utilization of technologies and services by EPS were observed.