Graduation date: 1969

Graduation date: 1970

The thesis examines the principal air-sea properties at Ocean Station Vessel N (30N 140W). In a descriptive section, meteorological and oceanographic data for N are analyzed over 20 years (1951-1970) and 7 years (1964-1970), respectively. A rainfall estimate is constructed for the 20 year period. The yearly average rainfall is 22 centimeters, far less than current estimates. Daily and seasonal variations are presented. Heat budgets of the surface show that the two decades are distinctly different. Anomalies of the 20 years of all meteorological variables are calculated. The pressure anomaly appears to be loosely correlated with anomalous large scale events in the equatorial dry zone. Time series cross-sections are shown of the mixed layer depth, bottle temperature and salinity. The near surface density appears to be largely controlled by temperature. Surface wind speed, air pressure, sea temperature, air temperature and dew point spectra for a 10-year period (1961-1970) are shown in a spectral section. Spectra are computed separately for the 4 seasons. Rotary spectra for the wind are also calculated. In a discussion of mixed layer dynamics, theoretical calculations indicate that salinity is not a significant factor in the Eastern subtropics. In a final section, Denman's mixed layer model is applied to two cases of data from N. It is found that Denman's model describes the local mixed layer changes in the one case where advective effects could be resolved. It is suggested that mixed layer extinction lengths for sunlight are shorter than previously believed--about 5 meters. Denman's mixed layer model appears applicable to local changes in the Eastern subtropics. / Graduation date: 1974

Graduation date: 1995

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon. / Bibliography: p. [54]-55. Also available on the World Wide Web.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 1982. / Vita. Bibliography: leaves [112]-119.

The apparent polar wander path (APWP) for the Pacific plate during the Late Cretaceous and Early Cenozoic has been constrained primarily by seamount magnetic anomaly inversions and seafloor magnetic anomaly skewness. The reliability of these data types is uncertain and data are too sparse to provide a consistent or detailed APWP. In an effort to refine the Pacific APWP, we collected a larger, more diverse data set that allowed for the calculation of new mean paleomagnetic poles for the latest Cretaceous and Paleogene. We combined four types of data including sediment core paleocolatitudes, basalt core paleocolatitudes, seamount magnetic anomaly inversion declinations, and effective inclinations from magnetic anomaly skewness calculations. This diverse data set yields paleomagnetic poles that are less affected by bias from any particular data type. We found reasonably good agreement between data types and calculated five mean paleomagnetic poles representing the Oligocene (30 Ma), Late (39 Ma) and Early (49 Ma) Eocene, and Paleocene (61 Ma) epochs and the Maastrichtian (68 Ma) stage. Though a significant percentage of the data are from azimuthallyunoriented cores, which do not provide constraint on paleodeclination, a wide distribution of sites and the use of declination data from seamount anomaly inversions gave relatively good control on pole paleolongitude. The large numbers of data in our calculations allow for reasonably compact uncertainty bounds and the overall agreement among most data implies insignificant systematic errors in the data set. The greatest disagreement among data occurs due to a divergence between poles from anomaly skewness and other data types prior to 55 Ma. As a whole, the new APWP implies northward Pacific plate drift. However, this motion is punctuated with a stillstand from the Late Cretaceous (~80 Ma) until the middle Eocene, (~49 Ma). This stillstand suggests a lack of northward Pacific plate motion during this time, counter to most accepted models. This APWP is consistent with paleomagnetic results from the Emperor Chain that indicate the Hawaiian hotspot moved south during formation of the Emperor Chain, but it implies an amount of motion slightly greater than that previously proposed for hotspot drift.

Thesis (M.S. in environmental science)--Washington State University, December 2009. / Title from PDF title page (viewed on Feb. 10, 2010). "School of Earth and Environmental Science." Includes bibliographical references (p. 31-34).

<p> The research presented in this dissertation is an application of lexicase, an empirical lexicalist theory of syntax, to the facts of Marshallese, one of the languages of the Micronesian language family. In particular, the dissertation focusses on two aspects of the syntax of Marshallese verbs: (1) the classification of verbs on the basis of their morphosyntactic properties, and (2) the formalization of certain derivational relationships between verbs and lexical items in other syntactic categories as well as between the various subcategories of verbs. However, the scope of the investigation has not been limited exclusively to verbs. An overview of the basic syntactic properties of Marshallese sentence types, the internal structure of noun phrases and the general properties of verbs and the constituents in their domains is provided in Chapter 2. </p><p> Marshallese verbs are subcategorized primarily on the basis of the syntactic features which encode their argument structure, i.e. the case relations which they imply and/or the verbal complements with which they must cooccur. The semantic and syntactic properties of case relations and the characteristics of the case marking system of Marshallese are presented in Chapter 3.</p><p> Given these subcategorization criteria, Marshallese is said to include nine major verb classes, subdivided on the basis of whether the verbs are transitive or intransitive, personal or&dot; impersonal, extension or non-extension, and adjectival or non-adjectival. The syntactic properties of each of these categories are discussed in detail in Chapter 4. </p><p> The derivational relationships that hold between verbs and words of other grammatical categories, and between various subtypes of verbs are formalized in Chapter 5, capturing the morphological, semantic and syntactic relationships between sets of source and derived words.</p>

In the past, conifers have been the primary focus of population and conservation genetic studies in Pacific Northwest (PNW) trees. These studies have provided tremendous insight as to how genetic diversity varies across species ranges for these wind-pollinated and mostly wind-dispersed species. With this study of Pacific dogwood (Cornus nuttallii), a broadleaved, PNW species, which utilizes biological vectors for pollen and seed dispersal, we hope to broaden our understanding of tree evolutionary dynamics. Marker development for C. nuttallii found few useful polymorphisms. Of eight microsatellite markers (SSRs) developed from a closely related species, three were monomorphic, while the other five averaged only 4.4 alleles/locus. Furthermore, only a single base pair substitution was found in the rpl16 region of the chloroplast genome after sequencing 2,262 non-coding base pairs in 100 individuals. This lack of diversity, which was found to be ubiquitous throughout the range of C. nuttallii, suggests this species may have endured a prolonged bottleneck in a single glacial refugium prior to recolonization. The cpDNA phylogeographic pattern and a significant decline in both SSR allelic richness (r² = 0.42, p<0.01), and expected heterozygosity (r² = 0.51, p<0.01) support this theory. Low levels of population structure, documented in both chloroplast (D = 0.153) and nuclear genomes (FST = 0.071, RST = 0.036) may suggest high levels of contemporary gene flow between populations are also influencing current patterns of diversity. Despite variation being the precursor for adaptation, a comparison of QST (0.088 for first-year height and 0.113 for bud burst timing) with a refined FST estimate (0.053), indicated that C. nuttallii had either retained or recovered significant phenotypic variation for differential selection to act. Such uniformly low diversity raises the issue of how genetic conservation efforts should proceed with this and other species sharing a similar degree of genetic depauperateness. So that signs of decline may be detected, we suggest population monitoring, especially for those populations occurring at high elevations. Furthermore, we advocate the transfer of seeds from the nearest southern source, in the event that restorative efforts are required to assist this species to cope with the rapidly changing climate.