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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
11

A study to determine the effectiveness of chiropractic spinal manipulative therapy and/or guided imagery in the treatment of chronic neck pain and stiffness

Maswanganyi, Ishmael 08 April 2010 (has links)
M. Tech. / Objective: This study was conducted in order to compare the effectiveness of Chiropractic spinal manipulative therapy (SMT) combined with guided imagery versus only guided imagery in the treatment of chronic neck pain and stiffness. Chiropractic SMT is aimed at treating neck pain as well as increasing the range of motion (ROM) of the neck. Guided imagery is aimed at reducing stress levels within the patient with a secondary effect of reducing tension in the neck muscles. This study therefore also has a secondary purpose to assess the effects of stress on chronic neck pain. It was hypothesised that Chiropractic SMT combined with guided imagery would be more effective in the reduction of chronic neck pain than guided imagery or alone. This is based on the fact that Chiropractic SMT has been exhaustively proven to be effective in treating chronic neck pain as well as increasing cervical range of motion. Guided imagery has also been proven to be effective in reducing stress even though there has not been enough research on its effect on chronic neck pain and cervical range of motion. Methods: Patients were recruited by means of placing advertisements in and around the University of Johannesburg. Patients that presented to the Chiropractic day clinic with chronic neck pain between the ages of 18 and 30 were included in this study. The participants were then randomly placed in one of two groups. Group A received four sessions of Chiropractic SMT combined with two sessions of guided imagery while Group B received two sessions of guided imagery relaxation techniques and four sessions of detuned ultrasound (U/S). The researcher performed all the sessions of Chiropractic SMT and detuned U/S while Dr A. Fourie (a registered Counselling Psychologist) performed the Guided Imagery sessions. In the initial visit patients in both groups had to undergo a history taking, physical examination and cervical spine regional examination. They were required to sign subject information and consent form and complete a Neck Disability Index (NDI) Questionnaire, Numerical Pain Rating Scale and the Stress Questionnaire. The researcher measured their cervical range of motion on the first and last treatments. The objective and subjective data was collected on the first visit and again on the final visit.
12

The immediate effect of a chiropractic adjustment on pressure pain threshold of a restricted cervical spine facet joint

19 June 2012 (has links)
M.Tech. / Purpose: The cervical facet joints have attracted relatively little attention as possible sources of neck pain and referred pain. Multiple authors have described the management of cervical facet joint pain but not the cause (Manchikanti et al., 2002). Method: This study consisted of one group of 100 participants. The participants were between the ages of 18 and 40 years. Potential participants were examined and accepted based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. All the participants received a cervical spine adjustment. Objective and subjective readings were taken. Procedure: The participants were seen only once. The Visual Analogue Scale was completed by each participant before treatment. Algometer readings were taken over the most restricted cervical spine facet joint and cervical spine range of motion (CROM) machine readings were taken measuring the ranges of motion of the cervical spine. The participants received an adjustment to the most restricted cervical spine facet joint as determined by motion palpation. The CROM machine and algometer readings were taken again immediately after the adjustment and the algometer readings were taken again 10 minutes later. Results: In terms of subjective measurements based on the Visual Analogue Scale, all participants experienced clinically significant pain before starting the trial.In terms of objective measurements based on algometer readings, a clinically significant difference was found as the pressure pain threshold increases over a period of time. In terms of the CROM machine readings there was a clinical improvement from the pretreatment ranges of motion to the post-treatment ranges of motion. The algometer and CROM readings were statistically incomparable to begin with. Conclusion: The results proved that there was a statistical significant noted immediately after the adjustment and 10 minutes later, however, this does not mean much as thegroups were not comparable to begin with. A statistically significant difference was noted for all ranges of cervical spine motion (flexion, extension, right and left lateral flexion and rotation), thus showing that the cervical spine adjustment was successfully delivered to the restricted segments.
13

The effect of craniocervical flexion exercise on cervical posture and cervical range of motion in asymptomatic participants

Camitsis, Aaryn 10 February 2015 (has links)
Dissertation submitted in partial compliance with the requirements for the Master’s degree in technology: Chiropractic, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa, 2013. / Background: Forward head posture (FHP) is a common postural abnormality that is commonly associated with weak deep cervical flexor muscles (DCF). The craniovertebral (CV) angle lies between a horizontal line running through C7 spinous process and a line connecting the C7 spinous process to the tragus of the ear. The smaller the angle, the greater the forward head posture. Weak DCF musculature and FHP has been linked to cervical dysfunction in the short and long term such as cervicogenic headache and premature development of cervical regional degenerative joint disease. Improving isometric endurance and neuromotor control of the DCF muscles using craniocervical flexion exercise (CCFE) has been shown to be efficient in patients experiencing cervical dysfunction such as headache, although the relevance of CCFE has not been established in the asymptomatic group. Deficiency in the activity of these muscles can be accurately measured using craniocervical flexion testing (CCFT). There is a paucity of information regarding the definitive relationship between weakness of the DCF and FHP in asymptomatic participants. This research will help establish an efficient and safe prophylactic treatment protocol preventing long term sequela associated with FHP. Objectives: To determine the effect of CCFE on cervical posture by assessment of the CV angle in asymptomatic participants as well as to determine the effect of CCFE on cervical range of motion by assessment of flexion, extension, bilateral rotation and lateral flexion movements in asymptomatic participants whilst measuring the effect of CCFE on isometric endurance and neuromotor control of the DCF muscles assessed by the CCFT in asymptomatic participants. Method: This is a quantitative pre/post intervention study comparing the results of one group of 45 asymptomatic participants before and after the CCFE protocol has been allocated to them over a period of 3-5 weeks. Participants FHP was assessed by measuring the CV angle. This was done by marking the C7 spinous process and extending a horizontal line toward the shoulder. Then marking the tragus of the ipsilateral ear and measuring the angle using the smart tool angle finder (MD products). iv CCFT measurements were taken and the CCFE protocol allocated to those who qualified to take part in the study. Lastly, cervical range of motion was measured. This group received a home exercise protocol of 3 sets of 10 supine chin tucks daily with each repetition being held for 10 seconds. The technique was first ensured by the researcher prior to leaving the consultation rooms and an exercise diary was given to the participant until the 5th and final consultation to record the progress and efficiency of the home programme as well as any complaints regarding this. Result: The asymptomatic group included in the study improved in both the seated and standing CV angle measurements in that the CV was greater at the conclusion of the pre/post intervention (p=0.00000002) and (p=0.000003) respectively . Cervical range of motion showed improvement in some but not all ranges. Flexion showed a reduction in range of motion (p=0.0086) which was significant. Extension showed an improvement in range of motion (p=0.0000002) which was significant. Rotation toward the left (p=0.00003) and right (p=0.00063) showed an improvement in range of motion which was significant. Lateral flexion showed improvement which was not significant in both, left (p=0.0145) and right (p= 0.24985) ranges of motion. Neuromotor control showed 100 percent improvement in that all 45 of the participants were able to perform CCFT correctly through all five stages at conclusion of the study. Conclusion: Therefore it can be concluded that asymptomatic participants will benefit from CCFEs In terms of CV angle improvement, cervical range of motion as well as neuromotor control of the DCF muscles.
14

The effectiveness of first rib adjustment as an adjunct to the treatment of mechanical neck pain

Brown, Colin Douglas January 2006 (has links)
Thesis (M.Tech.: Chiropractic)- Dept. of Chiropractic, Durban Institute of Technology, 2006. 130 leaves. / The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the efficacy of the adjustment of the first rib as an adjunct to the manipulative treatment of mechanical neck pain, according to subjective and objective clinical findings. The results of this study would indicate to Chiropractors which specific types of adjustments, used for the treatment of mechanical neck pain, would potentially increase the cervical range of motion and / or decrease pain experienced by the patient and thus lead to a more effective treatment protocol. The outcome of the study will help clinicians select the more appropriate treatment for patients based on the subjective and objective outcomes.
15

A comparative study of three different types of manual therapy techniques in the management of chronic mechanical neck pain

Roodt, Maria Louisa Elizabeth January 2009 (has links)
Dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Health at the Durban University of Technology in partial compliance with the requirements for the Master‟s Degree in Technology: Chiropractic, 2009. / The prevalence of neck pain in musculoskeletal practice is second only to that of low back pain (Vernon et al., 2007). There is a growing interest in neck pain research due to the escalating disability burden and compensation costs associated with neck pain (Côte et al., 2003). Manual therapies are commonly used in the treatment of neck pain (Côte et al., 2003). After an extensive literature review by Haldeman et al. (2008) they found that manual therapy techniques have some benefit but no one technique was clearly superior to the next. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to compare three commonly used manual therapy techniques in the treatment of chronic mechanical neck pain. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to compare three different manual therapy techniques (SMT, MET and PNF) which are commonly used in the treatment of chronic MNP in terms of range of motion, pain and disability. METHOD Forty-five patients with chronic mechanical neck pain were obtained through non-probability convenience sampling and assigned into one of three treatment groups (15 per group) using a computer generated randomized table. The three different treatment groups were: Spinal Manipulative Therapy (SMT), Muscle Energy Technique (MET) and Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF). Each group received six treatments over a period of three weeks with a follow-up consultation. Measurements were taken at the first, third and sixth treatment and at the follow-up consultation. SPSS version 15.0 was used to analyse the data. A p value of <0.05 was considered as statistically significant. An intra-group analysis was done using repeated measures ANOVA testing to assess the time effect for each outcome separately. For inter-group analyses the time x group interaction effect was assessed using repeated measures ANOVA testing, and profile plots were used to assess the trend and direction of the effects. RESULTS Intra-group analysis of the results revealed that all three groups improved significantly between the first and the final consultation, for all measures. Inter-group analysis of the data did not show any difference between the three groups by the end of the final consultation. However, extension range of motion appeared to improve slightly faster in the PNF group iv but it was not significant when compared to the other two groups. Therefore, there was no statistical significance between the three groups. CONCLUSION It was concluded that all three treatment groups responded equally to the treatment, thus, suggesting that MET or PNF techniques can be used if SMT is contra-indicated.
16

A retrospective cross sectional survey of thoracic cases on record at Durban University of Technology chiropractic day clinic

Benjamin, Rhoda Lynn January 2007 (has links)
A dissertation submitted in partial compliance with the requirements for a Master Degree in Technology: Chiropractic, Durban University of Technology, 2007. / The purpose of this research is to conduct a descriptive study of cases that presented with thoracic complaints to Durban University of Technology chiropractic Day Clinic from the 13 January 1995 to 30 November 2005. This is a retrospective, quantitative, non-experimental, clinical survey. The sample size for this study included 7111 cases obtained from the Durban University of Technology chiropractic day clinic. There were no thoracic cases recorded in the random sample for the year 1995, therefore the random sample allocated for this year was subtracted from the total sample. 249 Thoracic cases were included in this research. The overall prevalence for the time period 1996 - 2005 was 3.5%. Gender: 248 of the 249 patients had recorded gender information. The majority were female 54.8% while 45.2% were male. Age: The ages ranged from 11 to 73 years. The mean age was 33.3 years. Occupation: 241 patients had a recorded occupation. 21.6% of them were classified as active or non-sedentary while the majority had sedentary jobs. The main complaint was mid-back pain which was noted in 41.4% of the population. Thoracic facet syndrome was the primary diagnosis given in 74.7% of the population; myofasciitis was the second most diagnosed condition with 8.8% of the population having this primary diagnosis. The most common treatment was joint manipulation, which was used in 82.6% of the cases, followed by soft tissue therapy (79.4%) and stretches (44.9%). The facets that were most commonly found to be fixated were in the T5 toT8 region. The investigative procedure that was used most often in the sample was x-rays. Fourteen patients were sent for x-rays (5.6%). One patient was sent for a blood test (0.4%). No other investigative procedures were used in these patients. Even though the overall prevalence of thoracic pain sufferers was only 3.5% over the ten year period, it is still an area of pain that must be investigated. The thoracic spine has been overlooked as a major region for research. This study has proved that there is need for continuing research in this area, to assist chiropractors to treat the thoracic spine more effectively. / M
17

The effectiveness of first rib adjustment as an adjunct to the treatment of mechanical neck pain

Brown, Colin Douglas January 2006 (has links)
A dissertation submitted in partial compliance with the requirements for a Master's Degree in Technology: Chiropractic, Durban Institute of Technology, 2006. / The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the efficacy of the adjustment of the first rib as an adjunct to the manipulative treatment of mechanical neck pain, according to subjective and objective clinical findings. The results of this study would indicate to Chiropractors which specific types of adjustments, used for the treatment of mechanical neck pain, would potentially increase the cervical range of motion and / or decrease pain experienced by the patient and thus lead to a more effective treatment protocol. The outcome of the study will help clinicians select the more appropriate treatment for patients based on the subjective and objective outcomes. / M
18

A comparative study of three different types of manual therapy techniques in the management of chronic mechanical neck pain

Roodt, Maria Louisa Elizabeth January 2009 (has links)
Dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Health at the Durban University of Technology in partial compliance with the requirements for the Master‟s Degree in Technology: Chiropractic, 2009. / The prevalence of neck pain in musculoskeletal practice is second only to that of low back pain (Vernon et al., 2007). There is a growing interest in neck pain research due to the escalating disability burden and compensation costs associated with neck pain (Côte et al., 2003). Manual therapies are commonly used in the treatment of neck pain (Côte et al., 2003). After an extensive literature review by Haldeman et al. (2008) they found that manual therapy techniques have some benefit but no one technique was clearly superior to the next. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to compare three commonly used manual therapy techniques in the treatment of chronic mechanical neck pain. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to compare three different manual therapy techniques (SMT, MET and PNF) which are commonly used in the treatment of chronic MNP in terms of range of motion, pain and disability. METHOD Forty-five patients with chronic mechanical neck pain were obtained through non-probability convenience sampling and assigned into one of three treatment groups (15 per group) using a computer generated randomized table. The three different treatment groups were: Spinal Manipulative Therapy (SMT), Muscle Energy Technique (MET) and Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF). Each group received six treatments over a period of three weeks with a follow-up consultation. Measurements were taken at the first, third and sixth treatment and at the follow-up consultation. SPSS version 15.0 was used to analyse the data. A p value of <0.05 was considered as statistically significant. An intra-group analysis was done using repeated measures ANOVA testing to assess the time effect for each outcome separately. For inter-group analyses the time x group interaction effect was assessed using repeated measures ANOVA testing, and profile plots were used to assess the trend and direction of the effects. RESULTS Intra-group analysis of the results revealed that all three groups improved significantly between the first and the final consultation, for all measures. Inter-group analysis of the data did not show any difference between the three groups by the end of the final consultation. However, extension range of motion appeared to improve slightly faster in the PNF group iv but it was not significant when compared to the other two groups. Therefore, there was no statistical significance between the three groups. CONCLUSION It was concluded that all three treatment groups responded equally to the treatment, thus, suggesting that MET or PNF techniques can be used if SMT is contra-indicated. / M
19

The short term effectiveness of cervical spine manipulation as compared to piroxicam administration in the treatment of chronic cervical facet syndrome

O'Connor, Brendan John January 2001 (has links)
Dissertation submitted in partial compliance with the requirements for the Master's Degree in Technology: Chiropractic, Technikon Natal, Durban, 2001. / For neck pain, the first-line treatment of allopathic physicians is usually the prescription on non-steroidal ant-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), whereas the firstline treatment of chiropractic physicians is usually cervical manipulation. The literature shows that both chiropractic manipulation alone and NSAIDs alone are effective for the treatment of cervical facet syndrome, with chiropractic manipulation being much safer than the use of NSAIDs. Furthermore, patients that receive chiropractic care have been shown to generally be much more satisfied than those that receive conventional medical care. The aim of this study was to determine the short-term effectiveness of cervical spine manipulation as compared to Piroxicam administration in the treatment of chronic cervical facet syndrome. The study design that was chosen was that of a comparative clinical trial. Forty consecutive patients diagnosed with chronic facet syndrome of the cervical spine were randomly assigned to either the manipulation group or the NSAID group (twenty patients in each group). Each patient in group A received manipulative therapy of the cervical spine on three consecutive days. Each patient in group B received 40 mg of Adco Piroxicam on the first two days of treatment, and 20 mg daily for the remainder of the seven day treatment period. The patients were assessed by means of objective and subjective data obtained before each consultation on days 1, 3 and 7. The objective data was gathered from algometric pressure-pain threshold readings over the involved facet joint. The subjective information was obtained from the Short-Form McGill Pain Questionnaire, the Numerical Pain Rating Scale - 101 and the CMCC Neck Disability Index, as well as the patients perceived improvement which was recorded as a percentage on days 3 and 7. / M
20

The effect of chiropractic manipulation versus mobilisation on pressure pain threshold in chronic posterior mechanical cervical spine pain

Reed, Pauline 16 October 2012 (has links)
M.Tech. / Purpose: This study aims to compare the effects of chiropractic manipulation versus mobilisation on Pressure Pain Threshold in chronic posterior mechanical cervical spine pain sufferers with regards to pain, disability and cervical spine range of motion. These effects were evaluated using a questionnaire consisting of a McGill Pain Questionnaire, and a Vernon – Mior Neck Pain and Disability Questionnaire, and by measuring cervical spine range of motion using a Goniometer as well as Algometer readings over the restricted facet joint/s in the cervical spine. The questionnaires were completed and the range of motion readings and algometer readings were taken prior to treatment on the first, fourth and seventh consultations. Method: Thirty participants who met the inclusion criteria were divided into two groups of equal size (15 participants each). Group one received spinal manipulation to restricted cervical spine joint/s. The second group received spinal mobilisation to restricted cervical spine joint/s. Participants were treated six times out of a total of seven sessions, over a maximum three week period. Procedure: Subjective data was collected at the beginning of the first and fourth consultations, as well as on the seventh consultation by means of a McGill Pain Questionnaire, and a Vernon – Mior Neck Pain and Disability Questionnaire in order to assess pain and disability levels. Objective data was collected at the beginning of the first and fourth session, as well as on the seventh consultation by means of a Goniometer and Algometer in order to assess cervical spine range of motion and to measure the Pressure Pain Threshold at the restricted facet joint/s in the cervical spine. Analysis of collected data was performed by a statistician. Results: Clinically significant improvements in group 1 and group 2 were noted over the duration of the study with reference to pain, disability, and cervical spine range of motion. Statistically significant changes were noted in group 1 and group 2 with reference to pain and disability, and in group 1 and group 2 with v reference to certain cervical spine range of motions as well as algometer readings to measure the Pressure Pain Threshold at the restricted facet joint/s. Conclusion: The results show that both spinal manipulation and mobilization are effective treatment protocols (as demonstrated clinically, and to a lesser extent, statistically) in decreasing pain and disability, and increasing cervical spine range of motion and most importantly Pressure Pain Threshold at the restricted facet joint/s in patients with chronic posterior mechanical cervical spine pain. Although the study did not allow for a definite conclusion to be drawn, the results suggest that Chiropractic manipulative therapy is an effective treatment protocol to increase the Pressure Pain Threshold in chronic posterior mechanical neck pain sufferers. The advantage of this is that the treatment modality is used to its full potential, thereby providing the patient with the best results in terms of lasting benefits. It also shows that in cases where manipulation is contra-indicated mobilization will have a similar effect, but the long term benefits are questionable.

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