A dor e a incapacidade funcional decorrente do comprometimento da coluna vertebral por metástases impactam de forma significativa na qualidade de vida de qualquer paciente. Como forma de amenizar os sintomas, dois grandes grupos de tratamento são possíveis na atualidade: cirurgia e/ou radioterapia. O objetivo principal deste estudo foi avaliar o impacto da cirurgia de descompressão medular na Qualidade de Vida Relacionada à Saúde de pacientes acometidos por metástase em algum nível da coluna vertebral. Trata-se de um estudo quantitativo, descritivo, correlacional e de corte longitudinal do tipo prospectivo que englobará quatro avaliações: antes da cirurgia (T0), dois (T1), quatro (T2) e seis (T3) meses após o procedimento cirúrgico. As entrevistas individuais foram realizadas pela pesquisadora no serviço de internação no momento anterior à cirurgia e no ambulatório nos três momentos subsequentes acima descritos. Os instrumentos utilizados para coleta de dados foram: questionário estruturado para caracterização sociodemográfica e clínica da amostra; Escala de Dor de Faces Revisada (FPS-R); questionário de avalição da Qualidade de Vida Relacionada à Saúde (EORTC QLQ-C30). Realizou-se comparação dos resultados do pré-operatório (T0) com os momentos T1, T2 e T3. A amostra foi constituída por 22 pacientes, com idade média de 56 anos, sem diferenças quanto à prevalência relacionada ao sexo, todos com baixa escolaridade e com renda mensal média de aproximadamente um salário mínimo. Os tumores primários mais prevalentes por ordem de frequência foram: mama, próstata, pulmão e colorretal. A abordagem cirúrgica mais utilizada foi a vertebral posterior (63,6%), sendo o segmento lombar (36,4%) o mais acometido. No período pré-operatório (T0), os participantes apresentaram baixo escore para Estado de Saúde Global/Qualidade de Vida e para quase todos os domínios da Escala Funcional e Escala de Sintomas. Nos três momentos distintos (T1, T2 e T3) comparados em relação ao pré-operatório (T0), houve melhora estatisticamente significativa no desempenho de papel, na presença de dor, insônia e constipação intestinal dos pacientes. Não houve diferença significativa nas atividades de vida diária em nenhum dos três períodos analisados após a cirurgia, sempre levando-se em consideração a fase pré-operatória (T0) como padrão / Pain and functional disability resulting from the impairment of spinal metastasis impact significantly on Quality of Life of any patient. To reduce the symptoms, two groups of treatment are possible nowadays: surgery and/or radiotherapy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of spinal decompressive surgery on Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) of patients affected by metastasis at some level of the spine. It is a prospective, quantitative, descriptive correlational and longitudinal study that comprises four ratings: before surgery (T0), two (T1), four (T2) and six (T3) months after surgical procedure. The researcher held individual interviews at the hospital service prior to surgery and at the ambulatory within three moments described above. The following data collection instruments were used: structured questionnaire for sociodemographic and clinical sample characteristics; Faces Pain Scale Revised (FPS-R); questionnaire of Health-Related Quality of Life (EORTC QLQ-C30). It was performed comparison the preoperative (T0) results with times T1, T2 and T3. The sample consisted of 22 patients with a mean age of 56 years without differences in prevalence related to sex, all with low education and with average monthly income of approximately one basic wage. The most prevalent primary tumors were in order of frequency: breast, prostate, lung and colorectal. The most used surgical approach was the posterior vertebral (63,6%) in which the lumbar segment (36,4%) was the most affected. In the preoperative period (T0), participants presented low score for State of Global Health/Quality of Life and for most areas of Functional Scale and Symptoms Scale. In three different times (T1, T2 and T3) compared regarding the preoperative period (T0), there was a statistically significant improvement in the performance status, presence of pain, insomnia and constipation of patients. There was no significant difference in daily activities in any of the three periods analyzed after surgery, always taking into account the preoperative phase (T0) as standard

A dor e a incapacidade funcional decorrente do comprometimento da coluna vertebral por metástases impactam de forma significativa na qualidade de vida de qualquer paciente. Como forma de amenizar os sintomas, dois grandes grupos de tratamento são possíveis na atualidade: cirurgia e/ou radioterapia. O objetivo principal deste estudo foi avaliar o impacto da cirurgia de descompressão medular na Qualidade de Vida Relacionada à Saúde de pacientes acometidos por metástase em algum nível da coluna vertebral. Trata-se de um estudo quantitativo, descritivo, correlacional e de corte longitudinal do tipo prospectivo que englobará quatro avaliações: antes da cirurgia (T0), dois (T1), quatro (T2) e seis (T3) meses após o procedimento cirúrgico. As entrevistas individuais foram realizadas pela pesquisadora no serviço de internação no momento anterior à cirurgia e no ambulatório nos três momentos subsequentes acima descritos. Os instrumentos utilizados para coleta de dados foram: questionário estruturado para caracterização sociodemográfica e clínica da amostra; Escala de Dor de Faces Revisada (FPS-R); questionário de avalição da Qualidade de Vida Relacionada à Saúde (EORTC QLQ-C30). Realizou-se comparação dos resultados do pré-operatório (T0) com os momentos T1, T2 e T3. A amostra foi constituída por 22 pacientes, com idade média de 56 anos, sem diferenças quanto à prevalência relacionada ao sexo, todos com baixa escolaridade e com renda mensal média de aproximadamente um salário mínimo. Os tumores primários mais prevalentes por ordem de frequência foram: mama, próstata, pulmão e colorretal. A abordagem cirúrgica mais utilizada foi a vertebral posterior (63,6%), sendo o segmento lombar (36,4%) o mais acometido. No período pré-operatório (T0), os participantes apresentaram baixo escore para Estado de Saúde Global/Qualidade de Vida e para quase todos os domínios da Escala Funcional e Escala de Sintomas. Nos três momentos distintos (T1, T2 e T3) comparados em relação ao pré-operatório (T0), houve melhora estatisticamente significativa no desempenho de papel, na presença de dor, insônia e constipação intestinal dos pacientes. Não houve diferença significativa nas atividades de vida diária em nenhum dos três períodos analisados após a cirurgia, sempre levando-se em consideração a fase pré-operatória (T0) como padrão / Pain and functional disability resulting from the impairment of spinal metastasis impact significantly on Quality of Life of any patient. To reduce the symptoms, two groups of treatment are possible nowadays: surgery and/or radiotherapy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of spinal decompressive surgery on Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) of patients affected by metastasis at some level of the spine. It is a prospective, quantitative, descriptive correlational and longitudinal study that comprises four ratings: before surgery (T0), two (T1), four (T2) and six (T3) months after surgical procedure. The researcher held individual interviews at the hospital service prior to surgery and at the ambulatory within three moments described above. The following data collection instruments were used: structured questionnaire for sociodemographic and clinical sample characteristics; Faces Pain Scale Revised (FPS-R); questionnaire of Health-Related Quality of Life (EORTC QLQ-C30). It was performed comparison the preoperative (T0) results with times T1, T2 and T3. The sample consisted of 22 patients with a mean age of 56 years without differences in prevalence related to sex, all with low education and with average monthly income of approximately one basic wage. The most prevalent primary tumors were in order of frequency: breast, prostate, lung and colorectal. The most used surgical approach was the posterior vertebral (63,6%) in which the lumbar segment (36,4%) was the most affected. In the preoperative period (T0), participants presented low score for State of Global Health/Quality of Life and for most areas of Functional Scale and Symptoms Scale. In three different times (T1, T2 and T3) compared regarding the preoperative period (T0), there was a statistically significant improvement in the performance status, presence of pain, insomnia and constipation of patients. There was no significant difference in daily activities in any of the three periods analyzed after surgery, always taking into account the preoperative phase (T0) as standard

The management of rectal cancer has changed in many countries over the last two decades and resulted in improved survival for the majority of rectal cancer patients. In this thesis some surgical strategies and histopathological aspects to improve and clarify the management of rectal cancer patients are investigated. Even in the era of TME surgery and radiotherapy, a higher local recurrence rate and shorter survival for rectal cancer patients operated with abdominoperineal resection is reported. In the first paper we describe a new strategy with partial anterior en bloc resection of either the prostate or the vagina, resulting in very low local recurrence rates and excellent long-term survival. Histopathological examination of the specimen lays the foundation for decision making on oncological therapy. A positive circumferential resection margin (CRM) has, in previous papers, been related to a high risk of local recurrence. In the second paper we show that a CRM ≤ 1 mm was not correlated with an increased risk of local recurrence when patients were managed in a multidisciplinary setting with preoperative radiotherapy and optimal TME surgery. As the complexity of rectal cancer management is increasing, demands on organizational structure are growing. In paper three we could show that long-term survival was increased for all rectal cancer patients after the centralization to a single unit. Whether or not to resect the primary rectal tumour in patients with metastatic disease is an ongoing debate in the literature. In paper four, we studied the national management of rectal cancer patients with primary metastatic disease. Nineteen per cent of rectal cancer patients present with Stage IV disease and, at a national level, there is a clear shift to a more selective and restrictive approach. The 30-day mortality was low for patients that underwent a resectional surgery, for patients having an exploratory laparotomy, however, it was high. Overall survival was improved over time even though up to one fourth of patients received no surgical treatment.

Korrektur der Fallotschen Tetralogie nach vorhergehender Palliativoperation - Langzeitergebnisse aus einem historischen Patientenkollektiv Hintergrund: Die Fallotschen Tetralogie ist ein komplexer zyanotischer Herzfehler, der erst mit dem Einsatz der Herz-Lungen-Maschine korrigiert werden kann. Zuvor erfolgte eine palliativ Operation. Seit 1960 werden Patienten mit Fallotscher Tetralogie in der Klinik für Thorax, -Herz- und Gefäßchirurgie der Universität Göttingen operiert. Ziel der Arbeit ist es, die Langzeitergebnisse eines historischen Patientenkollektivs, die zwischen 1960 und 1984 zuerst mit einer palliativen Operation behandelt und im Anschluss die Korrektur-Operation erhalten haben, zu analysieren. Methoden: Von 1960 bis 1984 erhielten 324 Patienten mit Fallotscher Tetralogie eine Korrektur-Operation nachdem zuvor eine Palliativ-Operation durchgeführt wurde. Die Datenanalyse erfolgte retrospektiv. Drei Gruppen wurden anhand der primären Palliativ-Operation gebildet: BTA-Gruppe (Blalock-Taussig-Anastomose, n=250), WCA-Gruppe (Waterstone-Cooley-Anastomose, n=57) und AD-Gruppe (verschiedene andere palliative Verfahren, n=17). Ergebnisse: Das mittlere Patientenalter war zur Korrektur-Operation in der BTA-Gruppe signifikant höher (8,45 ± 4,62 Jahre vs. 6,89 ± 2,96 Jahre in der WCA-Gruppe; p=0,0015). Die Operationsdauer war in der BTA-Gruppe mit 283 ± 105 Minuten kürzer im Vergleich zur WCA-Gruppe 314 ± 114 Minuten (p=0,32 ???). Intraoperativ wurde unter anderem eine Erweiterungsplastik mit Patch bei 64,5% durchgeführt (BTA: 63,2%, WCA: 70,2%), von diesen waren 48,8% transannulär (BTA: 44,3%, WCA: 75%). Postoperativ war eine Rethorakotomie nach der Korrektur-Operation in der WCA-Gruppe seltener (11% vs. 25% in der BTA-Gruppe; p=0,002). Die Korrektur-Operation führte in allen Gruppen zu einer effektiven, signifikanten Reduktion des rechtsventrikulären Druckes (BTA: von 96,01 ± 21,17 mmHg auf 52,75 ± 15,79 mmHg, WCA: von 97,78 ± 34,73 mmHg auf 59,05 ± 15,04 mmHg; p <0,001). Die Dauer der mechanischen Ventilation nach der Korrektur-Operation war in der BTA-Gruppe signifikant kürzer als in der WCA-Gruppe (46 ± 57 Stunden vs. 108 ± 207 Stunden; p=0,002), ebenso dauerte der Intensivaufenthalt in der BTA-Gruppe signifikant kürzer (117 ± 100 Stunden vs. 189 ± 205 Stunden in der WCA-Gruppe; p<0,001). Die Frühletalität betrug im Gesamtkollektiv 15,1%, Unterschiede zwischen den Gruppen???. Im weiteren Verlauf starben 12 weitere Patienten, so dass die Gesamtletalität 18,8% beträgt. Beim letzten Kontakt befanden sich die meisten Patienten im NYHA-Stadium II und III (NYHA-Stadium des Gesamtkollektivs: 2,3 ± 1,0; BTA-Gruppe: 2,2 ± 1,0; WCA-Gruppe: 2,7 ± 0,8). Schlussfolgerung: Die Datenanalyse zeigt, dass von den Palliativ-Operationen vor einer Korrektur-Operation bei Fallotscher Tetralogie, die BTA die vorteilhaftere Variante darstellt. Bei der Korrektur-Operation hatten die Patienten nach vorheriger BTA-Shunt-Operation eine kürzere OP-Dauer, weniger Blutungen postoperativ, sowie kürzere Beatmungs- und Intensivaufenthaltsdauer. Nach Korrektur der Fallotschen Tetralogie zeigen alle Patienten eine effiziente Verbesserung der hämodynamischen Parameter und ein gutes klinisches Langzeitergebnis. Da das optimale Operationsverfahren von mehreren Faktoren abhängt (u.a. Alter des Patienten, klinischen Zustand und anatomische Gegebenheiten), muss eine individuelle Entscheidung erfolgen und falls eine Palliativ-Operation notwendig ist, sollte die Anlage einer BTA bevorzugt werden.