Revision of the author's Thesis (M.A.)--IAIN Syarif Hidayatullah, 1989. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 119-122).

Revision of the author's Thesis (M.A.)--IAIN Syarif Hidayatullah, 1989. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 119-122).

No description available.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Ohio University, March, 2008. / Abstract only has been uploaded to OhioLINK. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 411-436)

Indonesia is home to 183 million people scattered through about 13 thousand islands. There are at least 583 dialects and also various religions and ethic groups exist in the country. Thus, the issue of unification is significant in Indonesia. To date, the state's ideology, Pancasila, has been considered as an effective device to bring the nation together. Pancasila is also used as a platform for Indonesia's developmental policy making. Media in Indonesia have long been seen as a means to support the development process. Indonesia has just completed its first Long Term Development Plan (1969 to 1994). The first Long Term Development Plan emphasized Indonesia's economy. Under the New Order administration, Indonesia has achieved both political stability and a continuing economic growth. Lately, there are some significant changes in the field of broadcasting infrastructure. On July 24th, 1990, the government issued the Decree of the Minister of Information (no. 111/Kep/Menpen/1990) which is unofficially known as the 'Open Skies Policy'. This policy allows the private sector to run private television stations and also gives permission to the public to own satellite dishes. The 'Open Skies Policy' can be seen as a breakthrough in Indonesian media infrastructure because from 1962 to 1989, Indonesia had only one, state owned, television station-TVRI. Now, there are five private stations and numerous foreign television stations beamed through at least 400 thousand satellite dishes in the country. The number of telephones, however, has not yet exceeded 1.7 million. This thesis recognizes that the 'Open Skies Policy' deserves thorough analysis because it reflects a series of significant changes in the Indonesian governments development strategies. This thesis sets itself the following objectives: to overview major development communication paradigms and to consider which development paradigm works most effectively in the Indonesian context; to explain how 'development' has been conceptualized in Indonesia and how this has manifested in media policy; to analyse the implications of the 'Open Skies Policy' and to consider whether it represents a new direction in Indonesia's developmental policy making.

There has been an on-going debate in Indonesia about the implementation of the policy of Pers Pancasila between the press and the government. Therefore, this study will examine the extent to which both socio-cultural and sociopolitical factors influence the policy of Pers Pancasila as it actually operates. It aims to help understand why such a debate exists and why it is likely to continue. Using mainly a qualitative content analysis, this thesis examines reporting in the three Indonesian daily papers Kompas, Pelita, and The Jakarta Post between 1987- 1991. Four major news categories -news the press, religion, development, and Pancasila issues- are defined as being relevant to understanding the implementation of Pers Pancasila policies. Quantitative analysis is used by counting the frequency of the news as well as measuring the space of each news. In addition, qualitative analysis is applied by adopting the news-as-narrative approach used by scholars such as Entman, Ettema, and Glasser. Taking 180 editions of the three papers as a sample, this study finds that there were significant differences in the way the three papers reported the four selected news categories. Certain papers are found to be more critical in reporting certain news than the others. The affiliation of of each paper, to some extent, influences the attitudes of each paper. Pelita is affiliated to other Islamic papers, The Jakarta Post is affiliated to Christian papers which are in favour of the government, Kompas (the Christian based paper) sees itself as a neutral paper which represents the voice of the people. Although there have been disagreements on certain issues, such as in reporting news about development and Pancasila, the three papers were found to consistently apply the policy of Pars Panpasila. The papers are aware that although the government does not have direct means of controlling press reporting, it still has a range of control mechanisms which substantially determines the scope of Indonesian press freedom. Due to Indonesian cultural diversity, the government pursues a 'free responsible' press theory in that the press should have self-censorship. However, there has been different interpretations made by the press and the government about this policy which often cause misunderstandings.

This thesis starts from Anderson¡¦s theory of ¡§Imagined Community¡¨, through the angle of ¡§Nationalism¡¨ and the ¡§Historical State Approach¡¨, to study the development of ethnic politics in Indonesia. In the analysis of historic events, this research hopes to represent the phenomenon of ethnic politics in Indonesia. According to the development of Indonesian Nationalism, this dissertation divides the political history in Indonesia into four stages, ¡§the independent stage¡¨, ¡§the national integration stage¡¨, ¡§the national cooperation stage¡§ and ¡§the democratic transformation stage¡¨, also there are two factors----¡§the state dominate¡¨ and ¡§the ethnic group politic mobilization¡¨ ---- being cross-compared their relations within the four historic stages. This thesis concludes: Indonesia as an ¡§imagined community¡¨, which leads the cleavage in the Indonesian national society. Lack of efficient institution for national integration at the beginning of the national independence, the cooperation politics in the New Order stage, both tended to build the inequality between different ethnic groups, which is the main reason for racial conflict after the democratization, and also the general factor affecting the ethnic politics in Indonesia. Individual factors affecting the ethnic politics in Indonesia include elements of the culture in religion, of the economy in region and the history in international politics, of the racial immigration and economy¡Kwhich form the ethnic consciousness and ethnic identity. Under the effects of the general and individual levels, nowadays the Indonesian ethnic politics presents itself as¡GA. Religion: Muslim parties contestation, the religious demonstration outside the institution, and the regional conflicts in religion. B. Region: secessionism, islanders demanding for regional autonomy or for federalism. C. Race: race violence against Indonesian Chinese, regional racial murders caused by the interior immigration policy. This dissertation concludes with elements of the above three levels, which show the phenomenon of contemporary ethnic politics in Indonesia.

Thesis (M.A.)--University of Western Australia, 2006.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 2002. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 199-206).

Zugl.: Hamburg, Universiẗat, Diss., 2006. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 263-273).