Submitted by Divisão de Documentação/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2018-08-06T13:34:48Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Batista, D. G.pdf: 1916855 bytes, checksum: 33400a95d33e3e57b33b579d3ad364e5 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Divisão de Documentação/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2018-08-06T13:35:02Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Batista, D. G.pdf: 1916855 bytes, checksum: 33400a95d33e3e57b33b579d3ad364e5 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-06T13:35:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Batista, D. G.pdf: 1916855 bytes, checksum: 33400a95d33e3e57b33b579d3ad364e5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-04-05 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Chagas disease has as etiologic agent the flagellate parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, which 37 can be found parasiting several mammals species, including man. Transmission of T. cruzi 38 occurs naturally by individuals belonging to Triatominae subfamily (Hemiptera: Reduviidae). 39 At least 60 species of triatomines occur in Brazil, among them, Panstrongylus geniculatus 40 had the larger distribution, occurring in all regions of Brazil and other countries. Here we 41 estimated abundance of P. geniculatus related to micro-habitat characteristics and vegetation 42 descriptors, in the region of the village of Novo Remanso. The prevalence of infection in P. 43 geniculatus was inferred from parasitological examination of the intestinal contents and 44 molecular biology assay based on PCRc. Our results show that P. geniculatus is more 45 associated with the diameter of the trunk where it nests, than with the number of trunks or 46 distance to the edge of the forest or distance to nearest residence, and the prevalence of 47 infection by T. cruzi for the region is 72.4%. / A doença de Chagas tem como agente etiológico o parasita flagelado Trypanosoma 23 cruzi, que pode ser encontrado parasitando diversas espécies de mamíferos incluindo o 24 homem. A transmissão de T. cruzi ocorre naturalmente pelos indivíduos da subfamília 25 Triatominae (Hemiptera: Reduviidae). Pelo menos 60 espécies de triatomíneos ocorrem no 26 Brasil, dentre elas, Panstrongylus geniculatus é a espécie mais bem distribuída, ocorrendo em 27 todas as regiões do Brasil além de outros países. Através de coletas no ambiente silvestre, 28 estimamos a abundância de P. geniculatus relacionada com características do micro-habitat e 29 de descritores da vegetação, na região da vila de Novo Remanso. A prevalência de infecção 30 nesta espécie foi inferida a partir do exame parasitológico do conteúdo intestinal e ensaio de 31 biologia molecular baseado em PCRc. Nossos resultados mostram que P. geniculatus está 32 mais associado com o diâmetro do tronco onde nidifica, do que com a quantidade de troncos, 33 a distância para a borda da floresta ou distância para residência mais próxima, e que a 34 prevalência de infecção pelo T. cruzi para a região é de 72,4%.

En Guyane comme dans l'ensemble de la région amazonienne, le risque de maladie de Chagas pour l'homme a longtemps été sous estimé du fait de l'absence de vecteur domestique et de l'existence d'un réservoir animal exclusivement sauvage. Le travail présenté répond aux besoins de compléter et d'actualiser les connaissances épidémiologiques disponibles sur la maladie de Chagas dans ce département , en précisant les modalités de circulation de Trypanosoma cruzi et les facteurs impliqués dans le cycle à l'origine des cas humains. Les données cumilées entre 2001 et 2023 représentent 971 spécimens de triatomes. Nous avons choisi de différencier les triatomes provenant des zones non habitées (forêts primaire ou secondaire) de ceux provenant de zones habitées, collectées dans les maisons à la faveur d'intrusion. Une espère, Panstrongylus geniculatus, s'est distinguée par son abondance (61,1%) et son omniprésence dans les différents types de milieux explorés. Au total, neuf espèces ont été retrouvées. En zone non habitée, avec une prédominance de P. geniculatus, P. lignarius, Rhodnius pictipes et R. robustus. L'infection des triatomes par T. cruzi a été étudiée, avec une mise en évidence d'un taux d'infection plus élevé chez les triatomes collectés à l'intérieur des habitations (53.9%) que chez ceux provenant des zones non habitées (46%). L'étude sur les mammifères sauvages a montré des taux d'infection élevés pour T. cruzi chez deux espèces : didelphis marsupialis (62.5%) et Philander opossum (35%). Cette étude a été complétée par l'analyse de la variabilité génétique de T. cruzi identifié par des techniques de génotypage réalisées sur du matériel obtenu à partir de triatomes, de mammifères sauvages et domestiques et des hommes. En zone non habitée trois groupes, TcI, TcII-TcV-TcVI et TcIII-TcIV, ont été caractérisés, avec une prédominance de TcI. Parmi les acteurs du cycle parasite, les chiens et P. geniculatus hébergent le groupe TcIII-TcIV à la différence du genre Rhodnius et des marsupiaux qui hébergent le groupe TcI. Nos résultats ont permis d'émettre un certain nombre d'hypothèses sur la circulation des génotypes de T. cruzi en Guyane / In French Guiana, as in the whole of Amazon region, the risk of Chagas disease to humans has long been underestimated due to the presence of non-domiciled triatomines and wild animal reservoir. Overall, this thesis aims at reactualizing and improving epidemiological knowledge about Chagas disease in French Guiana, by specific modalities of circulation of Trypanosoma cruzi and the factorsinvolved in the transmission cycle of the origin of human cases. Accumulated data, between 2001 and 2013, represent 971 triatomine specimens collected. We chose to differentiate triatomine collected in uninhabited areas (primary or secondary forests) and those frominhabited areas, collected in homes by intrusion. One species, Panstrongylus geniculatus, was distinguished by its abundance (61.1%) and its presence in different types of habitats investigated. A total of nine species were found in uninhabited area, with the predominance of four species: P. geniculatus, P. lignarius, Rhodnius pictipes and Eratyrus mucronatus. In inhabited area, five species of triatomine were collected, with the predominance of P. geniculatus, R. pictipes and R. robustus. The triatomine infection rate with T. cruzi has been studied, with a highlighting of higher rate of infection in triatomine collected inside houses (53.9%) than those from uninhabited area (46%). The study on wild mammals showed high T. cruzi infection rates for two species: Didelphis marsupialis (62.5%) and Philander opossum (35%).This study was completed by the analysis of the genetic variability of T. cruzi identified by genotyping techniques performed on material obtained from triatomine, wild and domestic mammals and humans. In uninhabited area, three groups$ TcI, TcII-TcV-TcVI and TcIII-TcIV have been characterized, with a predominance of TcIII-TcIV group. In inhabited area, only two groups were characterized (TcI andTcIII-TcIV), with a predominance of TcI. Among the actor’s transmission cycle of parasite, dogs and P. geniculatus were characterized by TcIII-TcIV group. Contrary to Rhodnius genus and marsupials were characterized by the TcI group. Our results have allowed issuing a number of assumptions about the circulation of T. cruzi genotypes in French Guiana

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-10T10:55:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Suleimy Marinho Fernandes Cardoso.pdf: 1298477 bytes, checksum: 2bc33390b33dfabc78bb1026fbca028f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-08-30 / The objective of this study was to evaluate the diversity of found vectors as well as their habitat preference and apatial distribution in a region around Brasília within the area of direct influence of the reservoir of the Corumbá IV hydroelectric power plant (UEH Corumbá IV) comparing the data with the history of occurrence and prevalence of the Chagas disease in the region and the environmental impact of the power plant. In canopies of guariroba palm trees (Syagrus oleraceae) and graveteiro nests (Phacellodomus rufifrons) 1981 triatomines (barbeiros) were collected belonging to the species Rhodnius neglectus, Panstrongylus neglectus, Panstrongylus diasi and Psammolestes tertius within February 19th 2005 and January 21st 2006. The triatomines were also searched for in armadillo holes, hen houses, and rural houses but no specimens were found. A parasitological examination was performed and none of the triatomines analyzed were contaminated by Trypanosoma cruzi despite the notification of Chagas disease cases in the surrounding cities of the study area. In conclusion, despite the presence of R. neglectus, pontecial vector, it was not possible to detect T. cruzi in the analyzed insects. However, the risk of human and triatomines infection should be carefully evaluated. / O objetivo deste trabalho foi fazer um levantamento de vetores encontrados, bem como sua preferência de habitat e a sua distribuição espacial, numa região do entorno de Brasília, dentro da área de influência direta da usina hidrelétrica Corumbá IV (UHE Corumbá IV), relacionando os dados com a história de ocorrência e prevalência da doença de Chagas na região e o provável impacto ambiental. Em copas de palmeiras guariroba (Syagrus oleracea) e ninhos de graveteiro (Phacellodomus rufifrons) foram coletados 1.981 triatomíneos (barbeiros), pertencentes às espécies Rhodnius neglectus, Panstrongylus geniculatus, Panstrongylus diasi e Psammolestes tertius, no período de 19 de fevereiro de 2005 a 21 de janeiro de 2006. Os triatomíneos também foram procurados em buracos de tatu, galinheiros e em residências rurais, mas nenhum espécime foi encontrado. Foi realizado exame parasitológico e nenhum dos triatomíneos analisados estavam contaminados pelo Trypanosoma cruzi, embora ocorra notificação de casos da doença de Chagas nas cidades vizinhas da região em estudo. Concluindo assim que, apesar da presença de R. neglectus potencial vetor, não foi possível constatar a presença do T. cruzi nos insetos examinados, porém o risco de infecção humana e de triatomíneos deve ser cuidadosamente avaliado.