Este trabalho apresenta um modelo de escalonamento hierárquico para exploração do paralelismo E Independente e do paralelismo OU na programação em lógica. O modelo utiliza informações de granulosidade geradas pelo GRANLOG (Granularity Analyzer for Logic Programming) para o auxílio ao escalonamento. Um estudo detalhado de ambientes de programação em lógica explorando o paralelismo é apresentado. A partir deste, é feita uma comparação destacando as principais características de cada um. O escalonamento em linhas gerais também é descrito e uma enfâse maior é dada ao escalonamento dinâmico. As principais vantagens e desvantagens de cada escalonador são mostradas. O modelo proposto recebe o nome de DSLP – Distributed Scheduler for Logic Programming e realiza o escalonamento em duas fases. Inicialmente é executada a Fase OU, na qual todo paralelismo OU é explorado. Em seguida, é iniciada a Fase E onde ocorre a exploração do paralelismo E Independente. A estratégia de escalonamento proposta, utiliza informações de complexidade do GRANLOG para determinar o trabalho a ser exportado, bem como o nível de sobrecarga dos nodos. Para validação do trabalho, um protótipo utilizando o ambiente Parallel Virtual Machine foi implementado. O protótipo é um simulador de programas Prolog e implementa a fase E de escalonamento. / This work presents a hierarchical scheduling model for exploration of the Independent AND parallelism and OR parallelism in logic programming. The model uses granularity information generated by GRANLOG (Granularity Analyzer for Logic Programming) to aid the scheduler. A detailed study of parallel logic programming environments is presented. Starting from this, it is made a comparison highlighting the main characteristics of each one. Scheduling in general is also described and the dynamic scheduling is pointed out. The main advantages and disadvantages of each scheduler are shown. The proposed model receives the name of DSLP – Distributed Scheduler for Logic Programming and it accomplishes the scheduling in two phases. Initially the OR Phase is executed and the whole OR parallelism is explored. Soon after, it is initiate the AND Phase with the exploration of the Independent AND parallelism. The scheduling strategy proposed uses complexity information generated by GRANLOG to determinate the task to be exported, as well as the nodes overloaded level. For work validation, a prototype using the Parallel Virtual Machine was implemented. The prototype is a Prolog simulator and it implements the scheduling AND phase.

Este trabalho apresenta um modelo de escalonamento hierárquico para exploração do paralelismo E Independente e do paralelismo OU na programação em lógica. O modelo utiliza informações de granulosidade geradas pelo GRANLOG (Granularity Analyzer for Logic Programming) para o auxílio ao escalonamento. Um estudo detalhado de ambientes de programação em lógica explorando o paralelismo é apresentado. A partir deste, é feita uma comparação destacando as principais características de cada um. O escalonamento em linhas gerais também é descrito e uma enfâse maior é dada ao escalonamento dinâmico. As principais vantagens e desvantagens de cada escalonador são mostradas. O modelo proposto recebe o nome de DSLP – Distributed Scheduler for Logic Programming e realiza o escalonamento em duas fases. Inicialmente é executada a Fase OU, na qual todo paralelismo OU é explorado. Em seguida, é iniciada a Fase E onde ocorre a exploração do paralelismo E Independente. A estratégia de escalonamento proposta, utiliza informações de complexidade do GRANLOG para determinar o trabalho a ser exportado, bem como o nível de sobrecarga dos nodos. Para validação do trabalho, um protótipo utilizando o ambiente Parallel Virtual Machine foi implementado. O protótipo é um simulador de programas Prolog e implementa a fase E de escalonamento. / This work presents a hierarchical scheduling model for exploration of the Independent AND parallelism and OR parallelism in logic programming. The model uses granularity information generated by GRANLOG (Granularity Analyzer for Logic Programming) to aid the scheduler. A detailed study of parallel logic programming environments is presented. Starting from this, it is made a comparison highlighting the main characteristics of each one. Scheduling in general is also described and the dynamic scheduling is pointed out. The main advantages and disadvantages of each scheduler are shown. The proposed model receives the name of DSLP – Distributed Scheduler for Logic Programming and it accomplishes the scheduling in two phases. Initially the OR Phase is executed and the whole OR parallelism is explored. Soon after, it is initiate the AND Phase with the exploration of the Independent AND parallelism. The scheduling strategy proposed uses complexity information generated by GRANLOG to determinate the task to be exported, as well as the nodes overloaded level. For work validation, a prototype using the Parallel Virtual Machine was implemented. The prototype is a Prolog simulator and it implements the scheduling AND phase.

Este trabalho apresenta um modelo de escalonamento hierárquico para exploração do paralelismo E Independente e do paralelismo OU na programação em lógica. O modelo utiliza informações de granulosidade geradas pelo GRANLOG (Granularity Analyzer for Logic Programming) para o auxílio ao escalonamento. Um estudo detalhado de ambientes de programação em lógica explorando o paralelismo é apresentado. A partir deste, é feita uma comparação destacando as principais características de cada um. O escalonamento em linhas gerais também é descrito e uma enfâse maior é dada ao escalonamento dinâmico. As principais vantagens e desvantagens de cada escalonador são mostradas. O modelo proposto recebe o nome de DSLP – Distributed Scheduler for Logic Programming e realiza o escalonamento em duas fases. Inicialmente é executada a Fase OU, na qual todo paralelismo OU é explorado. Em seguida, é iniciada a Fase E onde ocorre a exploração do paralelismo E Independente. A estratégia de escalonamento proposta, utiliza informações de complexidade do GRANLOG para determinar o trabalho a ser exportado, bem como o nível de sobrecarga dos nodos. Para validação do trabalho, um protótipo utilizando o ambiente Parallel Virtual Machine foi implementado. O protótipo é um simulador de programas Prolog e implementa a fase E de escalonamento. / This work presents a hierarchical scheduling model for exploration of the Independent AND parallelism and OR parallelism in logic programming. The model uses granularity information generated by GRANLOG (Granularity Analyzer for Logic Programming) to aid the scheduler. A detailed study of parallel logic programming environments is presented. Starting from this, it is made a comparison highlighting the main characteristics of each one. Scheduling in general is also described and the dynamic scheduling is pointed out. The main advantages and disadvantages of each scheduler are shown. The proposed model receives the name of DSLP – Distributed Scheduler for Logic Programming and it accomplishes the scheduling in two phases. Initially the OR Phase is executed and the whole OR parallelism is explored. Soon after, it is initiate the AND Phase with the exploration of the Independent AND parallelism. The scheduling strategy proposed uses complexity information generated by GRANLOG to determinate the task to be exported, as well as the nodes overloaded level. For work validation, a prototype using the Parallel Virtual Machine was implemented. The prototype is a Prolog simulator and it implements the scheduling AND phase.

Cette thèse est consacrée à l'etude de l'implantation du parallélisme OU en Prolog sur des machines sans mémoire commune. Nous présentons le modèle multi-séquentiel OU Opera, implanté par compilation (machine abstraite de Warren - WAM), en préservant la sémantique de Prolog. Les deux problèmes principaux d'un tel système, la gestion de contextes multiples et l'ordonnancement, sont détaillés. La gestion des contextes multiples s'effectue par copie incrémentale, en parallèle au calcul. Pour que ceci reste efficace et cohérent, le traitement des variables conditionnelles a été inclus dans la WAM. Notre méthode introduit une nouvelle pile pour ces variables dont l'initialisation, la déliaison été modifiées. Le coût des opérations séquentielles de la WAM est constant et indépendent du nombre de processus. Nous proposons encore une méthode simple et efficace pour la réalisation de la coupure. Un prototype Opera a été implanté sur un réseau de Transputers. Dans ce prototype, l'ordonnancement a été résolu par une méthode basée sur des heuristiques d'évaluation de charge. Cet ordonnancement est mis en ocuvre par une architecture centralisée où un processus ordonnanceur unique régule la charge des autres processus. L'ordonnanceur utilise une répresentation approximative de l'état du système. La partie séquentielle du prototype Opera constitue l'un des systèmes Prolog les plus efficaces existant actuellement sur le Transputer. Ses gains de performance en parallèle sont aussi effectifs. / This thesis is dedicated to the study of the implementation of Or-parallel Prolog over distributed memory machines. The Opera Or multi-sequential model is presented. It uses compiling techniques (Warren Abstract Machine) and preserves the Prolog semantics. Multienvironment management and scheduling, the two major problems of Opera, are described. Multi-environment management is realized by incremental copying, in parallel to the computation. The treatment of conditional variables is included in the WAM, in order to allow an efficient and coherent cooperation. Our method introduces a new pile for these variables, initialization, binding and unbinding of which are adapted. The cost of WAM sequential operations is constant and independent of the number of processes. We also propose a simple and efficient method for implementing cut in parallel. An Opera prototype has been implemented over a Transputer array. In the current prototype, scheduling is resolved by heuristics of load evaluation. This scheduling is centralized, a unique process balancing the load of the other Prolog workers, and using an approximate representation of the state of the system. The Opera prototype is one of the most efficient Prolog implementations on the Transputer, and reaches effective speed-ups in parallel.

Cette thèse est consacrée à l'etude de l'implantation du parallélisme OU en Prolog sur des machines sans mémoire commune. Nous présentons le modèle multi-séquentiel OU Opera, implanté par compilation (machine abstraite de Warren - WAM), en préservant la sémantique de Prolog. Les deux problèmes principaux d'un tel système, la gestion de contextes multiples et l'ordonnancement, sont détaillés. La gestion des contextes multiples s'effectue par copie incrémentale, en parallèle au calcul. Pour que ceci reste efficace et cohérent, le traitement des variables conditionnelles a été inclus dans la WAM. Notre méthode introduit une nouvelle pile pour ces variables dont l'initialisation, la déliaison été modifiées. Le coût des opérations séquentielles de la WAM est constant et indépendent du nombre de processus. Nous proposons encore une méthode simple et efficace pour la réalisation de la coupure. Un prototype Opera a été implanté sur un réseau de Transputers. Dans ce prototype, l'ordonnancement a été résolu par une méthode basée sur des heuristiques d'évaluation de charge. Cet ordonnancement est mis en ocuvre par une architecture centralisée où un processus ordonnanceur unique régule la charge des autres processus. L'ordonnanceur utilise une répresentation approximative de l'état du système. La partie séquentielle du prototype Opera constitue l'un des systèmes Prolog les plus efficaces existant actuellement sur le Transputer. Ses gains de performance en parallèle sont aussi effectifs. / This thesis is dedicated to the study of the implementation of Or-parallel Prolog over distributed memory machines. The Opera Or multi-sequential model is presented. It uses compiling techniques (Warren Abstract Machine) and preserves the Prolog semantics. Multienvironment management and scheduling, the two major problems of Opera, are described. Multi-environment management is realized by incremental copying, in parallel to the computation. The treatment of conditional variables is included in the WAM, in order to allow an efficient and coherent cooperation. Our method introduces a new pile for these variables, initialization, binding and unbinding of which are adapted. The cost of WAM sequential operations is constant and independent of the number of processes. We also propose a simple and efficient method for implementing cut in parallel. An Opera prototype has been implemented over a Transputer array. In the current prototype, scheduling is resolved by heuristics of load evaluation. This scheduling is centralized, a unique process balancing the load of the other Prolog workers, and using an approximate representation of the state of the system. The Opera prototype is one of the most efficient Prolog implementations on the Transputer, and reaches effective speed-ups in parallel.

Cette thèse est consacrée à l'etude de l'implantation du parallélisme OU en Prolog sur des machines sans mémoire commune. Nous présentons le modèle multi-séquentiel OU Opera, implanté par compilation (machine abstraite de Warren - WAM), en préservant la sémantique de Prolog. Les deux problèmes principaux d'un tel système, la gestion de contextes multiples et l'ordonnancement, sont détaillés. La gestion des contextes multiples s'effectue par copie incrémentale, en parallèle au calcul. Pour que ceci reste efficace et cohérent, le traitement des variables conditionnelles a été inclus dans la WAM. Notre méthode introduit une nouvelle pile pour ces variables dont l'initialisation, la déliaison été modifiées. Le coût des opérations séquentielles de la WAM est constant et indépendent du nombre de processus. Nous proposons encore une méthode simple et efficace pour la réalisation de la coupure. Un prototype Opera a été implanté sur un réseau de Transputers. Dans ce prototype, l'ordonnancement a été résolu par une méthode basée sur des heuristiques d'évaluation de charge. Cet ordonnancement est mis en ocuvre par une architecture centralisée où un processus ordonnanceur unique régule la charge des autres processus. L'ordonnanceur utilise une répresentation approximative de l'état du système. La partie séquentielle du prototype Opera constitue l'un des systèmes Prolog les plus efficaces existant actuellement sur le Transputer. Ses gains de performance en parallèle sont aussi effectifs. / This thesis is dedicated to the study of the implementation of Or-parallel Prolog over distributed memory machines. The Opera Or multi-sequential model is presented. It uses compiling techniques (Warren Abstract Machine) and preserves the Prolog semantics. Multienvironment management and scheduling, the two major problems of Opera, are described. Multi-environment management is realized by incremental copying, in parallel to the computation. The treatment of conditional variables is included in the WAM, in order to allow an efficient and coherent cooperation. Our method introduces a new pile for these variables, initialization, binding and unbinding of which are adapted. The cost of WAM sequential operations is constant and independent of the number of processes. We also propose a simple and efficient method for implementing cut in parallel. An Opera prototype has been implemented over a Transputer array. In the current prototype, scheduling is resolved by heuristics of load evaluation. This scheduling is centralized, a unique process balancing the load of the other Prolog workers, and using an approximate representation of the state of the system. The Opera prototype is one of the most efficient Prolog implementations on the Transputer, and reaches effective speed-ups in parallel.