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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Computational Techniques for the Analysis of Large Scale Biological Systems

Ahn, Tae-Hyuk 27 August 2012 (has links)
An accelerated pace of discovery in biological sciences is made possible by a new generation of computational biology and bioinformatics tools. In this dissertation we develop novel computational, analytical, and high performance simulation techniques for biological problems, with applications to the yeast cell division cycle, and to the RNA-Sequencing of the yellow fever mosquito. Cell cycle system evolves stochastic effects when there are a small number of molecules react each other. Consequently, the stochastic effects of the cell cycle are important, and the evolution of cells is best described statistically. Stochastic simulation algorithm (SSA), the standard stochastic method for chemical kinetics, is often slow because it accounts for every individual reaction event. This work develops a stochastic version of a deterministic cell cycle model, in order to capture the stochastic aspects of the evolution of the budding yeast wild-type and mutant strain cells. In order to efficiently run large ensembles to compute statistics of cell evolution, the dissertation investigates parallel simulation strategies, and presents a new probabilistic framework to analyze the performance of dynamic load balancing algorithms. This work also proposes new accelerated stochastic simulation algorithms based on a fully implicit approach and on stochastic Taylor expansions. Next Generation RNA-Sequencing, a high-throughput technology to sequence cDNA in order to get information about a sample's RNA content, is becoming an efficient genomic approach to uncover new genes and to study gene expression and alternative splicing. This dissertation develops efficient algorithms and strategies to find new genes in Aedes aegypti, which is the most important vector of dengue fever and yellow fever. We report the discovery of a large number of new gene transcripts, and the identification and characterization of genes that showed male-biased expression profiles. This basic information may open important avenues to control mosquito borne infectious diseases. / Ph. D.
2

Parallélisations de méthodes de programmation par contraintes / Parallelizations of constraint programming methods

Menouer, Tarek 26 June 2015 (has links)
Dans le cadre du projet PAJERO, nous présentons dans cette thèse une parallélisation externe d'un solveur de Programmation Par Contraintes (PPC) basée sur des méthodes de parallélisation de la search et Portfolio. Cela, afin d'améliorer la performance de la résolution des problèmes de satisfaction et d'optimisation sous contraintes. La parallélisation de la search que nous proposons est adaptée pour une exécution en mode opportuniste et déterministe, suivant les besoins des clients. Le principe consiste à partitionner à la demande l'arbre de recherche unique généré par une seule stratégie de recherche en un ensemble de sous-arbres, pour ensuite affecter chaque sous-arbre à un coeur de calcul. Une stratégie de recherche est un algorithme qui choisit pour chaque noeud dans l'arbre de recherche la variable à assigner et choisi également l'ordonnancement de la recherche. En PPC, il existe plusieurs stratégies de recherche, certaines sont plus efficaces que d'autres, mais cela dépend généralement de la nature des problèmesde contraintes. Cependant la difficulté reste de choisir la bonne stratégie. Pour bénéficier de la variété des stratégies et de la disponibilité des ressources de calcul, un autre type de parallélisation est proposé, appelé Portfolio. La parallélisationPortfolio consiste à exécuter en parallèle N stratégies de recherche, ensuite la première stratégie qui trouve une solution met fin à toutes les autres. La nouveauté que nous proposons dans la parallélisation Portfolio consiste à adapterl'ordonnancement des N stratégies entre elles afin de privilégier la stratégie la plus prometteuse. Cela en lui donnant plus de coeurs que les autres. Pour ceci nous appliquons soit une fonction d'estimation pour chaque stratégie afin de sélectionner la stratégie qui a le plus petit arbre de recherche, soit un algorithme d'apprentissage qui permet de prédire quelle est la meilleure stratégie suivant le résultat d'un apprentissage effectué sur des instances déjà résolues. Afin d'ordonnancer plusieurs applications de PPC, nous proposons également un nouveau système d'allocation de ressources basé sur une stratégie d'ordonnancement combinée avec un modèle économique. Les applications de PPC sont résolues avec des solveurs parallèles dans une infrastructure cloud computing. L'originalité du system d'allocation est qu'il détermine automatiquement le nombre de ressources à affecter pour chaque application suivant la classe économique du client. Les performances obtenues avec nos méthodes de parallélisation sont illustrées par la résolution des problèmes de contraintes en portant le solveur Google OR-Tools au-dessus de notre framework parallèle Bobpp / In the context of the PAJERO project, we propose in this thesis an external parallelization of a Constraint Programming (CP) solver, using both search and Portfolio parallelizations, in order to solve constraint satisfaction and optimization problems. In our work the search parallelization is adapted for deterministic and non-deterministic executions, according to the needs of the user. The principle is to partition the unique search tree generated by one search strategy into a set of sub-trees, then assign each sub-tree to one computing core. A search strategy herein means an algorithm to decide which variable is selected to be assigned in each node of the search tree, and decide also the scheduling of the search. In CP, several search strategies exist and each one could be better than others for solving a specific problem. The difficulty lies in how to choose the best strategy. To benefit from the variety of strategies and the availability of computationalresources, another parallelization exists called the Portfolio parallelization. The principle of this Portfolio parallelization is to execute N search strategies in parallel. The first strategy which find a solution stops the others. The noveltyof our work in the context of the Portfolio is to adapt the schedule of the N strategies in order to favour the most promising strategy, which is a candidate to find a solution first, by giving it more cores than others. The promising strategyis selected using two methods. The first method is to use an estimation function which select the strategy with the smallest search tree. The second method is to use a learning algorithm which automatically determines the number of cores thatwill be allocated to each strategy according to the previous experiment. We have also proposed a new resource allocation system based on a scheduling strategy used with an economic model in order to execute several PPC applications. Thisapplications are solved using parallel solvers in the cloud computing infrastructure. The originality of this system is that the number of resources allocated to each PPC application is determined automatically according the economic classesof the users. The performances obtained by our parallelization methods are illustrated by solving the CP problems using the Google OR-Tools solver on top of the parallel Bobpp framework.

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