This study is aimed at exploring the relationships among personality traits, the parent-children interaction and depression of adolescents. This study presents the results of a questionnaire survey, which includes Personality Traits Scale, Parent-children Interaction Scale, and Depression Screening Scale for Children & Adolescent. The subjects of this study are 6th graders and 7th graders of public schools in Kaohsiung and Tainan. The data collected from the questionnaire survey were analyzed with descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson Product-Moment Correlation, Partial Correlation and Hierarchical Multiple Regression. The results and conclusions are listed as the following: 1. Both personality traits and parent-children relationship respectively have a statistically signifigant correlation with depression. 2. Personality traits and parent-children relationship have a statistically signifigant correlation. 3. Personality traits, parent-children relationship have no significant interaction with depression. 4. Adolescents show significant differences with central value in five personality traits aspect. There are significant differences in part of the personality traits based on grades , genders, family types and families of various social-economic status. 5. Adolescents perceiving the interactions with mother are better than those with father. There are significant differences in part of parent-children relationship based on grades, genders, birth order, family types and families of various social-economic status. 6. 23.9¢Mof adolescents are suspected to have depression; among them 4.5¢Mare serious. There are significant differences in part of the depression based on genders, family types and families of various social-economic status.