by Leung Yee Kong. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1992. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 121-124). / LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES / Chapter I. --- ABSTRACT --- p.1 / Chapter II. --- INTRODUCTION --- p.3 / Types of Social Indicators --- p.8 / Chapter III. --- LITERATURE REVIEW AND RESEARCH PROBELMS --- p.12 / Life Satisfaction as Subjective Measure of Well-Being --- p.13 / Towards a Causal Analysis for Weil-Being --- p.16 / Chapter IV. --- RESEARCH DESIGN AND HYPOTHESES SETTING --- p.25 / Source of Data --- p.25 / Operationalization of Variables --- p.26 / Hypotheses Setting --- p.31 / Chapter V. --- PROFILE OF RESPONDENTS --- p.37 / Age --- p.37 / Education --- p.38 / Occupation --- p.39 / Household Structure --- p.41 / Income --- p.42 / Housing --- p.43 / Chapter VI. --- MEASURING GLOBAL WELL-BEING AND LIFE DOMAINS --- p.46 / Life in General --- p.46 / Evaluation of Life Domains --- p.51 / Bivariate Relationships --- p.60 / Chapter VII. --- PREDICTION OF GLOBAL WELL-BEING --- p.69 / Prediction of Global Satisfaction --- p.70 / Prediction of Global Happiness --- p.80 / Structural Modeling --- p.85 / Chapter (1) --- Affect-Cognition Model --- p.87 / Chapter (2) --- Parent-Youth Relation Model --- p.90 / Chapter VIII. --- SUMMARY AND DISCUSSION --- p.102 / Profile of Respondents --- p.102 / Evaluation of Global Measures --- p.103 / Evaluation of Life Domains --- p.103 / Correlation Between Global and Domain Measures --- p.105 / Predictors of Global Life Satisfaction --- p.108 / Predictors of Global Happiness --- p.111 / Structural Modeling --- p.113 / Implications of the Study --- p.115 / Methodological Suggestions to Further Research --- p.119 / BIBLIOGRAPHY --- p.121 / APPENDIX -- The Questionnaire (Chinese version)

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between parental attitudes and student attitudes toward the consumption of alcoholic beverages, between parental attitudes toward the consumption of alcoholic beverages and the reasons students drink alcoholic beverages, and between parental attitudes toward the consumption of alcoholic beverages and the frequency and quantity of alcoholic beverages consumed by students. The Alcohol and Other Drug Survey and the Survey of Parental Attitudes were employed. The sample included 389 sets of matched pairs of parent and student from Radford University, Virginia. Analysis included descriptive statistical techniques, Multiple Linear Regression to predict outcomes, and Pearson r to describe correlations between variables. Based on the results of the study, the following conclusions were reached: 1. There is a significant relationship between parental attitudes and student attitudes toward alcohol consumption, but this is brought about by the difference of opinion in condoning or not tolerating the use of alcohol. 2. There is a significant relationship between the parental attitude "condone use" and students consuming alcohol because "it tastes good" and "to get drunk." 3. There is a significant relationship between the parental attitude "condone use" and students consuming five or more drinks in a row. 4. It was concluded that student peer attitudes, student religion, and parental attitudes about alcohol were significant predictors of student attitudes toward alcohol consumption. 5. There is a substantial difference in the percentage of students who condone drinking as compared to parents responding similarly. 6. Important findings revealed students to be much more tolerant of drinking behavior that parents overwhelmingly felt placed people at risk of harming themselves. 7. Interesting data revealed that students are much more accepting of drunken behavior and drinking games. 8. The primary reasons students gave for drinking alcoholic beverages included "to have a good time with friends," "to fit in with peers," and "to get wasted," with parents being most tolerant of their son/daughter consuming alcohol "to have a good time with friends. / Graduation date: 1994

In general, a particularly complicated and difficult relationship has existed between parents and educators, due in part, to the fact that educators have always been seen as the experts and proverbial holders of knowledge in the educational process while parents have been seen to be peripheral to this process. This inequality is seen to be problematic as a child's significant learning is increasingly understood to occur in both the home and school contexts. This study explored the perceptions of a selection of parents and educators across the three levels of the educational process with the aim of facilitating a dialogue amongst all the participants in order to establish partnerships that would assist in the integration of the formal and informal learning processes. Using the Dialogue Game as a research tool, the participants in this study revealed many of the dilemmas that inhibit the establishment of partnerships between the two contexts. While the educators appeared resistant to the idea of a partnership as they perceived themselves to be 'experts' in the area of education, parents were aware that significant learning occurs in many contexts, but felt unconfident in their abilities to educate children. Some of the findings from the current study mirror those of two earlier studies (Van der Riet, 1997 and Danckwerts, 2002) conducted in the Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal, respectively. Although all three samples were drawn from different socio-economic and cultural groups, the findings would suggest that the parents and educators of South Africa have essentially similar perceptions regarding formal and informal education. / Thesis (M.Soc.Sc.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2004.

Introduction En juin 2009, l’Organisation Mondiale de la Santé (OMS) a déclaré l’état de pandémie pour le nouveau virus influenza A(H1N1). Malgré les recommandations des autorités de santé publique, lors de la mise en place de la campagne de vaccination de masse au Québec contre ce virus pandémique, certains groupes de la population ont été plus enclins à être vaccinés que d’autres groupes. Ceci souligne l’importance des déterminants psychosociaux du comportement humain, sujet qui a donné cadre à notre étude. Objectifs Le but de cette étude a été de documenter les attitudes, les connaissances et les influences sociales des parents dont les enfants fréquentent des services de garde éducatifs (SGE) vis-à-vis la vaccination contre la pandémie ainsi que la couverture vaccinale. Méthodologie Un questionnaire auto-administré et anonyme basé sur la théorie des comportements interpersonnels de Triandis a été distribué aux parents d’enfants âgés de 0-59 mois de neuf centres de la petite enfance sur l’île de Montréal. Résultats Le taux de réponse de l’enquête a été de 32,0% (N=185). Le taux de vaccination des enfants s’est retrouvé à 83,4%; ceci représente une couverture plus élevée que la moyenne régionale et nationale. Toutefois, à une question sur l’intention des parents face à une autre pandémie, seuls 46% des parents feraient vacciner leur enfant. Les facteurs les plus significatifs associés à la vaccination de leur enfant ont été les croyances personnelles positives, de bonnes habitudes vaccinales et l’influence des média, tous mesurés par plusieurs indicateurs (RC respectifs de 7,7, 3,1 et 4,2, p<0,05). Conclusion Pour la grippe A(H1N1), plusieurs facteurs contextuels ont joué en faveur des taux de vaccination acceptables chez les enfants. Toutefois, la mise en place d’une campagne de la vaccination par les instances gouvernementales et de santé publique en utilisant divers média pourraient contribuer à un taux de vaccination encore plus élevé en cas d’épidémie ou de pandémie. / Background In June 2009, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the 2009 A(H1N1) swine flu a pandemic. Despite the recommandations from public health authorities when setting up the mass immunization campaign in Quebec against the influenza A(H1N1), some population groups were more likely to be vaccinated than others. This underlines the importance of psychosocial determinants of human behaviour, which gave a framework for our study. Objectives The aim of this study was to document the attitudes, knowledge and social influences of parents whose children attend early childhood centers (ECC) regarding the vaccination against the pandemic and its coverage. Methods A self-administered and anonymous questionnaire based on the theory of reasoned action of Triandis was distributed to parents of children aged 0-59 months in nine childcare centers on the island of Montreal. Results The response rate of the survey was 32.0% (N=185). The vaccination uptake for children was 84%; this represents a higher coverage than the average regional and national levels. However, only 46% of the parents said that they would vaccinate their child again if a new flu pandemic was being declared by the World Health Organization. The most significant factors associated with vaccination uptake were positive personal beliefs, getting seasonal flu vaccines and the influence of media, all measured by several indicators (respective odds ratio 7,7, 3,1 and 4,2, p<0,05). Conclusion Several contextual factors played in favour of acceptable vaccination rates among children. However, the establishment of a campaign of vaccination by government authorities and public health agencies while using various media to spread information could contribute to higher vaccination rates in a future case of epidemic or pandemic.

This study outlines and evaluates a school-based group intervention programme, offering support and teaching problem-solving skills, for children of divorce. The effect of the programme on children's beliefs about divorce and their self-concept is empirically investigated. A sample of 17 latency age children was divided into an experimental group and a wait-list condition control group. The results indicate that a group intervention programme can contribute towards positive changes in children's beliefs about divorce and improvements in their self-concept. Treatment effects for children of divorce are not only associated with the fonnal group intervention programme. Children in both groups improved on several measures from first to second testing and several explanations are offered for these findings. This study suggests that group interventions can contribute to improved adjustment outcomes for children of divorce, by helping children develop more realistic beliefs about divorce and by improving their self-concept / Social Work / M.A. (Social Science) in Mental Health

M.A. / This study was conducted to ascertain whether there is a significant relationship between, parental pressure, stress levels and athletic performance in high school track and field athletes. The question can be asked whether parental pressure will result in increased stress levels in the athlete and therefore poorer performance? Sixty-six high school track and field athletes, between the ages of 13 and 18 years, were selected for the study. The athletes were taken from training groups and an Afrikaans high school to Provide a sample that included both elite and social athletes. The IPAT-Anxiety Scale, Sport Competition Anxiety Test (SCAT), SASOL junior tables and three self-designed questionnaires were used to determine the athletes' stress levels, amount of parental pressure and performance measurements. Significant relationships were found between parental pressure, increased stress levels and poorer performance. The more parental pressure experienced by the athlete the higher his stress levels and consequently the poorer his performance.

This study investigated a proposed model hypothesizing that parental divorce would directly effect romantic beliefs and attitudes, romantic attachment and relationship characteristics. A sample of 494 young adults between the ages of 18 and 35 indicated that parental divorce does have a negative impact on romantic beliefs, attitudes toward marriage and divorce, romantic attachments, and relationship characteristics when considered in the context of marriage. Those individuals whose parents divorced reported less positive attitudes toward marriage and more openness toward divorce. Those whose parents divorced reported less idealized romantic beliefs and less of a belief that love will find a way. Those who experienced parental divorce had a more fearful romantic attachment style and reported a lower chance of marriage to their current partner.

Research has shown that children born low birth weight (i.e., ≤2500 grams) and/or premature (i.e., birth prior to 37 weeks gestation) are at increased risk of experiencing developmental delays, as well as long-standing executive functioning and academic challenges. Despite these well-known risks, children born low birth weight are under-enrolled nationally in Part C Early Intervention (EI) services intended to support developmentally vulnerable children. Little is known regarding why EI enrollment is low in this high risk population, especially given children born LBW are readily identifiable as at increased risk of delays at birth. This study explored EI referral outcomes from a high risk infant follow up program serving children with complex early medical histories that place them at increased risk of experiencing developmental delays to determine how many children referred to EI were ultimately evaluated and enrolled in the program. This explanatory sequential mixed methods study included a quantitative phase characterizing the EI referral outcome and a qualitative phase consisting of interviews with families to explore the parent/caregiver's experience of the EI referral process. Data analysis included descriptive statistics to characterize the sample and Pearson Chi Square and independent samples t-tests to investigate child characteristics associated with successful referral. Qualitative interviews were transcribed and coded for themes in an iterative and cyclical fashion. Results indicate that only 62% of the children who were referred for EI services were evaluated by the program, with about the same percentage of those evaluated being found eligible (67%). Of those who were not found eligible, about a third of children should have qualified based on previous testing and/or medical conditions. However, these qualifying medical conditions were often not clearly documented on the referral form, and not all forms included documentation of the scores from developmental testing. There were also a significant number (71%) of Oregon children referred to EI but never evaluated who were likely to have qualified based on medical history and/or results from developmental testing. There were several key themes identified following analysis of the qualitative interviews. Most critically, the parent/caregiver's perception of the need for the EI referral was identified as an essential factor in facilitating a successful connection to EI. Other key themes included the need to honor the many different demands placed on the caregivers of these high risk children, as well as the necessity of providing clear explanation of the purpose of both the visit to the high risk infant follow up program and the EI referral. The Chronic Care Model is used as a framework for discussing implications for practice.

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Cette étude s’intéresse à la relation entre la motivation des enfants athlètes envers le soccer et les comportements de leurs parents, tels que perçus par les athlètes et autorapportés par les parents. Au total, 207 enfants âgés de 7 à 12 ans évoluant dans une équipe de soccer élite de la région de Québec ont rempli un questionnaire papier mesurant leur motivation à l’égard de leur participation sportive de même que leur perception des comportements de soutien à l’autonomie et d’engagement de leurs parents au soccer. Leurs parents ont été invités à répondre à un questionnaire en ligne concernant leurs comportements de soutien à l’autonomie de leur enfant et leur engagement au soccer. Au total, 131 pères et 149 mères ont rempli ce questionnaire. Le lien entre la motivation de ces athlètes et la perception des comportements des parents a été évalué, en plus de la contribution d’autres variables sur cette relation. Les résultats indiquent que les comportements soutenants des mères et des pères, tels que perçus par les enfants, sont associés positivement à leur motivation autonome envers le soccer. La perception des enfants concernant les comportements soutenants de leur mère seulement s’avère associée positivement à leur motivation contrôlée et négativement à leur niveau d’amotivation. Les comportements soutenants des parents perçus par les enfants constituent de meilleurs prédicteurs de leur motivation que les autorapports des parents. Le sexe de l’enfant agit comme modérateur du lien entre la perception que les enfants ont des comportements soutenants de leur mère et leur niveau de motivation contrôlée. Plus précisément, la perception de comportements maternels soutenants prédit une plus grande motivation contrôlée, mais uniquement pour les filles. Aucun autre lien de modération n’est observé. Enfin, les répercussions théoriques et pratiques de ces résultats sont décrites et des pistes d’études futures sont proposées. Mots-clés: motivation, théorie de l’autodétermination, climat motivationnel, parents, enfant athlète, soccer d’élite / The present study addresses the relationship between children athletes’ soccer motivation and their parents’ behaviors, as perceived by the children and by the parents themselves. Data were collected from 207 children aged between 7 and 12 years old who played in an elite soccer team in Quebec, and their parents. Children completed a paper questionnaire measuring their motivation toward their sport and their perception of their parents’ supportive behaviors (autonomy support and involvement) in the context of soccer. Parents were invited to complete an online questionnaire about their autonomy support and involvement toward their child in the context of soccer. A total of 131 fathers and 149 mothers completed the questionnaire. The relationship between children’s soccer motivation and their perceptions of their parents’ behaviors were evaluated while controlling for the contribution of other variables. Results indicate that supportive behaviors from mothers and fathers, as perceived by children, are positively associated with children’s autonomous motivation toward soccer. Perceived supportive behaviors from mothers, but not fathers, are positively linked to athletes’ controlled motivation and negatively to their level of amotivation. Perceived parental behaviors are found to be better predictors of their motivations than parents’ self-reports. Children’s gender moderates the link between children’s level of controlled motivation and their perception of maternal supportive behaviors. Specifically, maternal supportive behaviors predict a higher level of controlled motivation, but only for girls. No other moderation effect was found. Results are discussed in relation to their theoretical and clinical implications. Suggestions for future studies are also discussed. Keywords: motivation, self-determination theory, motivational climate, parents, child athlete, elite soccer