Background: Although parental drinking is associated with adolescent drinking, the impacts of parental alcohol-related actions were controversial. The present study aims to 1) examine the prevalence of parental pro-drinking practices (PPDPs), 2) examine the association between PPDPs and parental drinking, 3) identify the factors associated with PPDPs among adolescents with drinking parents, 4) examine the association between PPDPs and adolescent drinking, and 5) explore the experience of PPDPs and alcohol use in adolescents and parents qualitatively. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 2200 secondary 1 to 6 students from 4 randomly selected local schools. Students were asked if they have experienced each of 9 PPDPs including 1) saw parents drank and being drunk; 2) heard parents saying benefits of drinking and certain alcohol tasted good; 3) helped parents buy alcohol, open bottle and pour alcohol; and 4) parental action in encouraging drinking and training of drinking capacity. Logistic regression was used to compute the adjusted odds ratios (AORs) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) of each PPDP by the number of drinking parents, and the drinking frequency of each parent adjusting for socio-demographic variables. Moreover, correlates of PPDPs were identified among students with at least one drinking parent. Furthermore, the AORs and 95% CI of student drinking and drinking intention by each PPDP were computed. A total of 40 families (33 student-parent pairs, 6 students and 1 parent) were then selected for telephone interview. Results: Overall, 67.5% of students experienced at least 1 PPDP with the prevalence of PPDPs ranging from 9.3% for hearing the benefits of drinking to 51.0% for seeing parents drank. The prevalence of PPDP increased dramatically with the number of drinking parents (none 38.8%, either 81.6%, both 89.0%). PPDPs were associated with parental drinking frequency and various socio-demographic factors. For instance, adolescent girls (AOR: 2.28) were more likely to have received parental training of drinking capacity than boys. Frequent paternal and maternal drinking were most strongly associated with helping parents buy alcohol (AOR: 6.55) and training of drinking capacity (AOR: 5.14), respectively. In general, most PPDPs were significantly associated with ever drinking and monthly drinking in students. Both ever and monthly drinking in adolescents were strongly associated with parental training of drinking capacity with AORs of 6.20 and 8.20, respectively. Similarly, each PPDP was significantly associated with adolescent drinking intention with AORs ranging from 1.50 for helping parents buy alcohol to 3.53 for being encouraged by parents to drink. Consistent with quantitative data, the interviews revealed that almost half the students reported PPDPs (N=17/39) and it was common for students to see parents drink (N=7). Of the 17 families reporting involvement in PPDPs, all had at least one drinking parent. Conclusions: Most students experienced PPDPs and its prevalence increased with the number of drinking parents. In drinking parents, PPDPs were associated with socio-demographic factors and parental drinking frequency. Most PPDPs were associated with adolescent drinking and intention to drink. These results suggested that parents should avoid PPDPs to prevent adolescent drinking. / published_or_final_version / Public Health / Master / Master of Philosophy

Thesis (Ph.D. (Nursing Sciences)) -- University of Limpopo, 2022 / It is in the parents’ interest to protect their youth and keep them away from substance abuse. It can be particularly disturbing for them to learn that their child abuses substances, or is an addict. When the youth abuses the substance, it is normal for parents to experience feelings of guilt and sadness. They also become angry; they may feel angry towards each other, the world at large or towards their youth. Stress levels can increase when caring for an addicted child. Parents who have youth abusing substances need support. The desire to get the correct and clear information about their child is one of the important needs of parents. They desire information and support about their child’s improvement during hospitalisation and post hospitalisation. The purpose of this study is to develop and implement a support programme for parents of youth abusing substances in selected public hospitals in Limpopo Province. The objectives were to explore and describe the experiences of parents of youth abusing substances; to describe the knowledge and practices of parents of youth abusing substances in caring for youth abusing substance; to identify the support needs of parents of youth abusing substances; to describe a conceptual framework for the development and implementation of a support programme for parents of youth abusing substances; to develop a support programme for parents of youth abusing substances and lastly to implement a support programme for parents of youth abusing substances in selected public hospitals in Limpopo Province. A mixed-method, exploratory sequential research design was used in this study to achieve the study aim. Fourteen participants consented to participate in the qualitative strand of the study while 169 participants consented to take part in the quantitative strand of the study. Tesch’s eight steps of data analysis were used to analyse qualitative data, data was analysed in a form of themes and sub-themes. SPSS version 26 was used to analyse quantitative data. Logistic regression and ANOVA test were used to calculate associations, odds ratios and means for knowledge The findings of this study indicate that the parents need support from the nurses which include the following: Knowledge and information sharing regarding substance abuse; Attention with regard to their own wellbeing as parents of youth abusing substances; Capacitation with better strategies and interventions to manage themselves while helping their youth with substance abuse disorders; Support by the nurses to the parents as the relatives of the patients which include debriefing on the patient’s condition, counselling, and referral to the relevant healthcare professionals. To support the parents of youth abusing substances the nurses need to continue with the implementation of the support programme. The Limpopo’s Department of Health may assist in allowing the in-service education for the nurses to support the parents of youth abusing substances. There should also be awareness programmes that are about substance abuse for the parents and the youth / Tirisano faculty in UCLA

Using both qualitative and quantitative research designs, this study focused on the knowledge of Children Protective Services (CPS) social workers for identifying Alcohol and Other Drugs (AOD) risk factors in their clients, and the impact that these AOD issues have on the child welfare system in San Bernardino County, California.