INTRODUÇÃO: A doença de Chagas é a parasitose endêmica mais importante na América Latina. O acometimento das glândulas salivares nesta doença é ainda pouco estudado. Há estudo com portadores da doença através de sialografia convencional, o que motivou a realização deste estudo com a utilização da sialorressonância (sialo RM), por ter melhor sensibilidade e especificidade em relação a outros métodos e não ser invasiva, com o intuito de identificar alterações glandulares nos pacientes da forma indeterminada que possibilitem sua reclassificação para a forma digestiva. OBJETIVO: avaliar as alterações encontradas pela sialo RM e correlacionar com dados clínicos e laboratoriais. METODOLOGIA: Estudaram-se 180 glândulas salivares maiores em 45 pacientes pela sialo RM que foram divididos em três grupos: A portadores da doença de Chagas na forma clínica indeterminada; B portadores da doença de Chagas na forma digestiva; C controle. As idades médias encontradas foram: 48; 55 e 50 anos, respectivamente. Quanto ao sexo, 9; 11 e 10 pacientes dos grupos avaliados eram do feminino. Foram utilizadas seqüências anatômicas ponderadas em T1 e T2, e seqüências específicas para sialo RM T2 fast spin eco 2D e 3D. Realizou-se avaliação clínica específica, sialometria, nasofibroscopia, e dosagem sanguínea da amilase. RESULTADOS: Os volumes médios das glândulas parótidas nos grupos foram de: A (31,1cm3); B (27,4cm3); C (32,4cm3) e das submandibulares foram: A (6,1 cm3); B (5,2 cm3) e C (7,0 cm3). Observou-se um caso no grupo A e outro no grupo B, com afilamento e importante substituição gordurosa de uma das glândulas. O calibre médio dos ductos parotídeos principais foi de: A (1,5mm) tortuosidade e dilatação segmentar em um caso; B (1,3mm) um deles não visualizado e C (1,2mm). Os ductos submandibulares principais tiveram calibre médio de: A (1,5mm); B (1,7mm) - um deles não visualizado; C (1,3mm). Os ductos salivares secundários parotídeos não foram identificados em: A (13,3%); B (20,0%); C (6,7%) e submandibulares, apenas um caso no grupo B. Os ductos salivares terciários parotídeos não foram visualizados em: A (43,3%); B (43,3%); C (33,3%) e submandibulares: A (40,0%); B (23,3%); C (20,0%). Observou-se dilatação sacular/cisto em apenas um ducto parotídeo do grupo B. Das queixas clínicas a xerostomia foi a mais prevalente: A (40,0%); B (53,3%); C (13,3%), com p = 0,066. A sialometria após estímulo apresentou-se alterada nos grupos em: A (60%); B (86,67%) e C (53,33%). O diâmetro parotídeo principal dos indivíduos com amilase normal foi menor que nos indivíduos com amilase anormal (p=0,046). CONCLUSÕES: Os volumes médios das glândulas submandibulares foram menores e o calibre dos ductos salivares de Wharton foi maior nos pacientes infectados, com diferença estatística. Em 5 casos houve alteração na morfologia glandular e/ou ductal. Foram visualizados menos ramos ductais de segunda e terceira ordem das glândulas parótidas e submandibulares em relação ao controle. / INTRODUCTION: Chagas disease is the most important endemic parasitosis in Latin America. The salivary glands onsets for this disease have been poorly studied. For MR (magnetic resonance) sialography has a better sensibility and specificity when compared to different methods and for not being invasive, it is used to identify glandular alterations in patients in the undetermined form, which possibility its reclassification to the digestive form. OBJECTIVES: Present work intends to evaluate the alterations found by MR sialography in Chagas disease patient bearers and correlate them with clinical and laboratorial data. CASUISTIC and METHOD: 180 Major salivary glands were studied in 45 patients by MR sialography divided into 3 groups: A Chagas disease bearers in the uncertain clinical form; B Chagas disease bearers in the digestive form; C Control group. Average ages were: 48; 55 and 50 years, respectively. Concerning sex, nine; 11 and 10 of the evaluated groups were feminine. Anatomical sequences were pondered in T1 and T2, as well as specific sequences for MR sialography T2 fast spin eco 2D and 3D. Specific clinical evaluation, sialometry, nasofibroscopy and blood dosages of amilasis were also evaluated. RESULTS: The parotids glands volumes for groups and expressed, varied for as presented: A (31.1 cm3); B (27.4 cm3); C (32.4 cm3) and for submandibular glands were: A (6.1 cm3); B (5.2 cm3) and C (7,0 cm3). A case was observed in group A and another one in group B, presenting gauging and an important fatty substitution for one of the glands. Main parotid ducts caliber or firstrate order, varied from: A (1.5mm) tortuosity and segmental dilation in one case; B (1.3mm) one of them not visualized and C (1.2mm). Submandibular main ducts presented calibers of: A (1.5mm); B (1.7mm) - one of them not visualized; C (1.3mm). Secondary salivary ducts of the parotid were not identified in: A (13.3%); B (20.0%); C (6.7%) and concerning to submandibular glands, only one case in group B was not identified. Tertiary salivary ducts of the parotid gland were not visualized in: A (43.3%); B (43.3%); C (33.3%) and for submandibular glands: The (40.0%); B (23.3%); C (20.0%). Saccular dilatation was observed in only one parotid of the group B. Among the clinical complaints, xerostomy was the most prevailing A (40.0%); B (53.3%); C (13.3%) p = 0,066. The sialometry after stimulus showed to be altered in the groups as follows: A (60.0%); B (86.7%) and C (53.3%) - <0,001. The main parotid duct diameter of individuals with normal amilasis was smaller than those in the ones with abnormal amilasis (p=0,046). CONCLUSION: The salivary gland volumes were smaller and there was enlargement in Wharton ducts caliber in patients infected by the disease, with statistical difference. There was alteration in the glandular and/or ductal morphology in five cases. Ductal branches of second and third order salivary glands in Chagas disease chronic form bearers were not visualized more often than in healthy patients. Xerostomy was the most reported complaint by patients infected by Tripanosoma cruzi, and there was a bigger association with abnormal pharyngeal nasofibroscopy. Sialometry after stimulus showed to be altered in the groups, especially in patients with chronic digestive form.

INTRODUÇÃO: A doença de Chagas é a parasitose endêmica mais importante na América Latina. O acometimento das glândulas salivares nesta doença é ainda pouco estudado. Há estudo com portadores da doença através de sialografia convencional, o que motivou a realização deste estudo com a utilização da sialorressonância (sialo RM), por ter melhor sensibilidade e especificidade em relação a outros métodos e não ser invasiva, com o intuito de identificar alterações glandulares nos pacientes da forma indeterminada que possibilitem sua reclassificação para a forma digestiva. OBJETIVO: avaliar as alterações encontradas pela sialo RM e correlacionar com dados clínicos e laboratoriais. METODOLOGIA: Estudaram-se 180 glândulas salivares maiores em 45 pacientes pela sialo RM que foram divididos em três grupos: A portadores da doença de Chagas na forma clínica indeterminada; B portadores da doença de Chagas na forma digestiva; C controle. As idades médias encontradas foram: 48; 55 e 50 anos, respectivamente. Quanto ao sexo, 9; 11 e 10 pacientes dos grupos avaliados eram do feminino. Foram utilizadas seqüências anatômicas ponderadas em T1 e T2, e seqüências específicas para sialo RM T2 fast spin eco 2D e 3D. Realizou-se avaliação clínica específica, sialometria, nasofibroscopia, e dosagem sanguínea da amilase. RESULTADOS: Os volumes médios das glândulas parótidas nos grupos foram de: A (31,1cm3); B (27,4cm3); C (32,4cm3) e das submandibulares foram: A (6,1 cm3); B (5,2 cm3) e C (7,0 cm3). Observou-se um caso no grupo A e outro no grupo B, com afilamento e importante substituição gordurosa de uma das glândulas. O calibre médio dos ductos parotídeos principais foi de: A (1,5mm) tortuosidade e dilatação segmentar em um caso; B (1,3mm) um deles não visualizado e C (1,2mm). Os ductos submandibulares principais tiveram calibre médio de: A (1,5mm); B (1,7mm) - um deles não visualizado; C (1,3mm). Os ductos salivares secundários parotídeos não foram identificados em: A (13,3%); B (20,0%); C (6,7%) e submandibulares, apenas um caso no grupo B. Os ductos salivares terciários parotídeos não foram visualizados em: A (43,3%); B (43,3%); C (33,3%) e submandibulares: A (40,0%); B (23,3%); C (20,0%). Observou-se dilatação sacular/cisto em apenas um ducto parotídeo do grupo B. Das queixas clínicas a xerostomia foi a mais prevalente: A (40,0%); B (53,3%); C (13,3%), com p = 0,066. A sialometria após estímulo apresentou-se alterada nos grupos em: A (60%); B (86,67%) e C (53,33%). O diâmetro parotídeo principal dos indivíduos com amilase normal foi menor que nos indivíduos com amilase anormal (p=0,046). CONCLUSÕES: Os volumes médios das glândulas submandibulares foram menores e o calibre dos ductos salivares de Wharton foi maior nos pacientes infectados, com diferença estatística. Em 5 casos houve alteração na morfologia glandular e/ou ductal. Foram visualizados menos ramos ductais de segunda e terceira ordem das glândulas parótidas e submandibulares em relação ao controle. / INTRODUCTION: Chagas disease is the most important endemic parasitosis in Latin America. The salivary glands onsets for this disease have been poorly studied. For MR (magnetic resonance) sialography has a better sensibility and specificity when compared to different methods and for not being invasive, it is used to identify glandular alterations in patients in the undetermined form, which possibility its reclassification to the digestive form. OBJECTIVES: Present work intends to evaluate the alterations found by MR sialography in Chagas disease patient bearers and correlate them with clinical and laboratorial data. CASUISTIC and METHOD: 180 Major salivary glands were studied in 45 patients by MR sialography divided into 3 groups: A Chagas disease bearers in the uncertain clinical form; B Chagas disease bearers in the digestive form; C Control group. Average ages were: 48; 55 and 50 years, respectively. Concerning sex, nine; 11 and 10 of the evaluated groups were feminine. Anatomical sequences were pondered in T1 and T2, as well as specific sequences for MR sialography T2 fast spin eco 2D and 3D. Specific clinical evaluation, sialometry, nasofibroscopy and blood dosages of amilasis were also evaluated. RESULTS: The parotids glands volumes for groups and expressed, varied for as presented: A (31.1 cm3); B (27.4 cm3); C (32.4 cm3) and for submandibular glands were: A (6.1 cm3); B (5.2 cm3) and C (7,0 cm3). A case was observed in group A and another one in group B, presenting gauging and an important fatty substitution for one of the glands. Main parotid ducts caliber or firstrate order, varied from: A (1.5mm) tortuosity and segmental dilation in one case; B (1.3mm) one of them not visualized and C (1.2mm). Submandibular main ducts presented calibers of: A (1.5mm); B (1.7mm) - one of them not visualized; C (1.3mm). Secondary salivary ducts of the parotid were not identified in: A (13.3%); B (20.0%); C (6.7%) and concerning to submandibular glands, only one case in group B was not identified. Tertiary salivary ducts of the parotid gland were not visualized in: A (43.3%); B (43.3%); C (33.3%) and for submandibular glands: The (40.0%); B (23.3%); C (20.0%). Saccular dilatation was observed in only one parotid of the group B. Among the clinical complaints, xerostomy was the most prevailing A (40.0%); B (53.3%); C (13.3%) p = 0,066. The sialometry after stimulus showed to be altered in the groups as follows: A (60.0%); B (86.7%) and C (53.3%) - <0,001. The main parotid duct diameter of individuals with normal amilasis was smaller than those in the ones with abnormal amilasis (p=0,046). CONCLUSION: The salivary gland volumes were smaller and there was enlargement in Wharton ducts caliber in patients infected by the disease, with statistical difference. There was alteration in the glandular and/or ductal morphology in five cases. Ductal branches of second and third order salivary glands in Chagas disease chronic form bearers were not visualized more often than in healthy patients. Xerostomy was the most reported complaint by patients infected by Tripanosoma cruzi, and there was a bigger association with abnormal pharyngeal nasofibroscopy. Sialometry after stimulus showed to be altered in the groups, especially in patients with chronic digestive form.

The aim of the present investigation was to study the influence of the sympathetic nervous system and of various adrenoceptor agents on enzyme secretion and morphology in rat parotid and guinea-pig submandibular glands. Biochemical methods were combined with electron microscopical techniques. Two different in vitro systems were employed, batch-incubation and microperifusion, to characterize the sympathetically evoked amylase release and its correlation to cyclic AMP. By using various selective β-adrenoceptor agonists and antagonists a dominance of the β1-adrenoceptor over the β2 - in regulating amylase release - was establ ished. Continuous noradrenaline perifusion caused a rapid initial amylase discharge, closely correlated to tissue levels of cyclic AMP; no correlation between the two was observed during the later phase. Prenalterol (a β1-agonist) failed to elevate glandular cyclic AMP. This was in contrast to its potent secretagogic effect. On the other hand, terbutaline (a β2-agonist) was a weak secretagogue but markedly raised the levels of cyclic AMP. Thus, β-adrenoceptor activation may lead to release of large amounts of amylase despite minimal or no increase in cyclic AMP. Moreover, these effects seemed to be dissociated in salivary glands with regard to the β-adrenoceptor subtypes. This was further substantiated by the findings that repeated injections of prenalterol induced qualitative changes in the granule populations, similar to those caused by the non-selective β-agonist isoprenaline. Terbutaline was without effect. However, acinar cells size was increased following both prenalterol and terbutaline treatment. The data suggest that the 3-adrenergic effects on acinar cell size and granule population may be independently regulated. A decreased sympathetic activity of long duration was induced by neonatal or adult extirpation of the superior cervical ganlion on one side. Acinar cell size, as well as granule and amylase content was reduced 9 weeks after neonatal denervation. Ganglionectomy performed in adult animals was without significant effects. The secretory behaviour of neonatally denervated glands was characterized by an increased postjunctional sensitivity to 3-adrenoceptor agonists. Of special interest was the finding that neonatal denervation seemed to transform terbutaline from a partial to a full secretory agonist, thus changing its effects in the direction of those of prenalterol and noradrenaline. Moreover, increased levels of cyclic AMP as well as an enhanced response to DBcAMP were noted in the denervated glands as were intracellular changes. The denervation supersensitivity after neonatal denervation seems to differ from that observed in adult denervated glands. The results of the studies on denervated glands suggest that the sympathetic nervous system plays a fundamental role in the early maturation of the rat parotid gland as well as for the development of the β-adrenoceptor subtypes. / <p>S. 1-34: sammanfattning, s. 35-128: 6 uppsatser</p> / digitalisering@umu

No description available.