Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-08T16:55:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 113916.pdf: 11293766 bytes, checksum: 648362c3bd7938af620d1421dcdeeaed (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-08-27 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This research is inserted in a project supported by FAPESC, and aims to promote actions of prevention and confrontation of environmental disasters in the south shore of Santa Catarina state and Valley of the Itajai, respectively the cities of Ararangua and Ilhota. The region of Morro do Bau, situated in the city of Ilhota, was the most damaged by the disasters occurred in Vale do Itajai, in 2008. After four years, it is possible state that few actions were taken concerning prevention and confrontation of new occurrences, as well as actions to reconstruct the place. Thus, the research question was formulated: How to promote a wide participation of the population in prevention and confrontation of environmental disasters, and to increase the resiliency of the communities? The general objective of this Master s thesis is to develop a collaborative process, focused at the construction of a Participatory Geographic Information System (P-GIS) of the Morro do Bau region, located in the city of Ilhota, as a strategy of prevention and confrontation of disasters. The specific objectives are: to collect memories related to environmental disasters experienced by the local people from Morro do Bau; to identify risk perception of residents, as well as causes of disasters; to promote the interaction of residents with technical equipment named GIS; to create digital maps of the research area and to build up a P-GIS and to utilize the WebGIS application. The theoretical framework includes aspects related to the concept of disaster, participation of the population, geotechnology and disaster, Geographic Information System (GIS) and Participatory Geographic Information System (P-GIS). The methodology was strictly qualitative, although it has a quantitative complementary approach. The methodological design is based in a case study, centered in the region of Morro do Bau, in Ilhota, specifically in the six neighborhoods that suffered with the disaster occurred in November, 2008. As data collect strategy were realized: fieldworks, communitarian meetings, social cartography workshop, participatory fieldwork, interviews, questionnaire application, combination of graphic data which compose the research field, collect of control points, between other technical processes realized in laboratory to construct the P GIS. Among the main results, we find data related to risk perception, lack of preparation of the residents regarding the confrontation of the disaster of 2008 and its consequences, the inefficiency and difficulties of Municipal Civil Defense and the flaws in the reconstruction and non-promotion of communitarian resilience. In addition, stands out the construction of P-GIS, integrating the constant participation of residents and scientific-technical work. The P-GIS is constituted as an important tool for prevention and confrontation of disasters, and may include aspects as escape route, organization of shelters and monitoring data. It is concluded that the action of real participatory involvement must substitute old autocratic practices of totally separation of citizens to the planning processes. Only if including this participatory dynamics it will be possible to diminish impacts caused by environmental disasters. / Esta pesquisa está inserida em um projeto mais amplo financiado pela FAPESC, que visa promover competências de ação na prevenção e enfrentamento de desastres ambientais no litoral Sul catarinense e Vale do Itajaí, respectivamente nos municípios de Araranguá e Ilhota/SC. A região do Morro do Baú em Ilhota, foi a mais atingida pelos desastres ocorridos no Vale do Itajaí em novembro de 2008 e após quase 4 anos, pode-se afirmar que são poucas as medidas tomadas para a prevenção e enfrentamento de novas ocorrências, bem como ações de reconstrução do local. Assim, formulou-se o problema da pesquisa: como promover uma ampla participação popular na prevenção e enfrentamento de desastres ambientais e aumentar a resiliência das comunidades? O objetivo geral desta dissertação é desenvolver um processo participativo, orientado para a construção de um Sistema de Informações Geográficas Participativo (SIG-P) da região do Morro do Baú, em Ilhota, como estratégia de prevenção e enfrentamento de desastres ambientais. Os objetivos específicos são: recolher memórias relacionadas a desastres ambientais vivenciados pelos moradores da região do Morro do Baú; identificar percepções de risco dos moradores, bem como atribuições causais dos desastres ambientais; promover a interação dos moradores com equipamentos técnicos, nomeadamente, de SIG; gerar mapas digitais da área da pesquisa; implementar um SIG-P e utilizar o aplicativo WebGIS. O referencial teórico inclui aspectos relacionados aos conceitos de desastres ambientais, participação popular, geotecnologias e desastres, Sistema de Informações Geográficas (SIG) e Sistema de Informações Geográficas Participativo (SIG-P). A metodologia utilizada foi essencialmente de natureza qualitativa, embora inclua uma vertente complementar quantitativa. O desenho metodológico baseou-se em um estudo de caso, centrado na região do Morro do Baú, em Ilhota, especificamente nos seis bairros que sofreram com o desastre ambiental ocorrido em novembro de 2008: Baú Baixo, Baú Central, Braço do Baú, Alto Braço do Baú, Baú Seco e Alto Baú. Como estratégias de coleta de dados foram realizadas: saídas a campo, reuniões comunitárias, oficina de cartografia social, trabalho de campo participativo, entrevistas, aplicação de questionário, agrupamento de dados gráficos que compõem a área da pesquisa, coleta de pontos de controle, entre outros processos de cunho mais técnico, realizados em laboratório para a construção do SIG-P. Entre os principais resultados, estão os dados relativos às percepções de risco, a falta de preparo dos moradores no enfrentamento do desastre de 2008 e suas consequências, a quase inexistência e dificuldades da Defesa Civil Municipal e as falhas na fase de reconstrução e no seu não aproveitamento para a promoção da resiliência comunitária. Além destes, destaca-se a construção do SIG-P, integrando a constante participação dos moradores e o trabalho técnico-científico. O SIG-P constitui-se como um importante instrumento na prevenção e enfrentamento de desastres ambientais, podendo incluir aspectos como rota de fuga, organização dos abrigos, dados de monitoramento, etc. Concluiu-se que esta ação de real envolvimento participativo, deve substituir velhas práticas autocráticas de total afastamento dos cidadãos em processos de planejamento. Somente incluindo esta dinâmica participativa, se conseguirá diminuir significativamente os impactos causados pelos desastres ambientais.

Thesis (M.Sc. (Geography and Environmental Studies)) -- University of Limpopo, 2022 / The purpose of this study was to assess and document the use of the Indigenous Knowledge System (IKS) in weather and seasonal climate forecasting in Moletjie, Limpopo Province. The objectives of this study were to document the biological, meteorological, and astrological indicators used to forecast local weather and climate conditions. In addition, the study sought to determine the effectiveness of indicators used in forecasting local weather and climate conditions and to represent the spatial distribution of indigenous weather knowledge using a Participatory Geographic Information System (P-GIS). Both qualitative and quantitative research approaches were used. Surveys and in-depth interviews were used to obtain primary data. The secondary data collected from formally published material (books and journals), served to compliment the primary data. Purposive sampling was used to obtain data from participants with knowledge about Indigenous Knowledge (IK) in seasonal and weather forecasting. From the study, the distribution of indigenous indicators used by Moletjie smallholder farmers was mapped using ArcGIS 10.6. Results show different types of human, biological, meteorological, and astronomical indicators utilized by communities to forecast weather and climate as such they were captured, characterized, and documented. Smallholder farmers considered indigenous knowledge indicators to be more accurate and reliable in their forecasting than scientific projections, which were described as inaccurate and received late. The research found that plants and birds used in this case are in danger of extinction at an alarming rate because of climate change and anthropogenic activities. The study derives key insights from how smallholder farmers in Moletjie village use the IK weather forecast to make farming decisions to ensure farm productivity. It also demonstrates that the smallholder farmers share their trust in modern technology and have confidence and the readiness for the use of scientific forecasting and climate projections which are expected to add value when integrated with IK / National Research Foundation (NRF)