Orientador: Elias Basile Tambourgi / Tese (doutorado) - Universiade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Química / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-20T13:24:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Moraes_MarleneSilvade_D.pdf: 18744401 bytes, checksum: 214df2eb889315d588ba4e56ffbbc454 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: O deslocamento de polímeros, cereais, minérios, produtos farmacêuticos e outros materiais particulados no interior de tubulações, tendo como fluido transportador o ar, é denominado de transporte pneumático. Esta técnica é comumente dividida em transporte em fase densa, com concentração de partículas acima de 30% em volume e transporte em fase diluída, com concentração inferior a 1%. A fase diluída, que não exige tubulações espessas e é de menor custo de aquisição, operação e manutenção, tem como principais inconvenientes: a) o desgaste da parte inferior do tubo transportador devido à má distribuição das partículas na seção transversal; b) a falta de dados da perda de carga de tê com saída de lado, que tem substituído curvas em unidades catalíticas de petróleo por criar um colchão amortecedor e reduzir o desgaste e c) a escassez de informações da relação entre a distribuição de partículas na seção transversal do duto e a perda de carga. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo geral projetar e montar uma unidade experimental, em escala piloto com duto de 117 mm de diâmetro, de transporte pneumático para estudar, em fase diluída, as perdas de carga no trecho vertical, singularidades e a distribuição de partículas na seção transversal. Visou como objetivos específicos: a) construir as curvas de perda de carga em função da velocidade do ar, tendo como parâmetro, as vazões de pellets de polipropileno; b) determinar o valor do coeficiente K, multiplicador da carga cinética da expressão geral de perda de carga localizada para tê com saída de lado, com três prolongamentos (balisas) distintos de 30, 60 e 90 mm e c) obter a distribuição das partículas na seção transversal do duto vertical. A unidade projetada e montada consistiu basicamente de um ventilador centrífugo, com pás semi abertas de 210 mm de diâmetro, acoplado a um motor de rotação variável de 1 cv, um tubo de Pitot horizontal e um vertical, uma válvula rotativa acionada por motor de rotação variável na base de um silo de alimentação, dutos de acrílico estrudados, com diâmetro interno de 117 mm, um sistema de coleta com nove dutos, de seção quadrada paralelos, para análise da distribuição das partículas na seção transversal dos dutos horizontal e vertical e um ciclone. A perda de carga foi determinada através de tomadas de pressão estática, acopladas a anéis piezométricos, com leitura simultânea de todas as tomadas de pressão em uma série de tubos em "U". A velocidade do ar foi obtida por Pitot e anemômetros. A vazão volumétrica do ar foi calculada pelo método das centróides de áreas iguais, com as medidas dos valores coletados pelo Pitot e anemômetro. As vazões dos sólidos particulados foram quantificadas pelo número de revoluções por unidade de tempo da válvula rotativa, aferida pela técnica da massa por tempo. A distribuição de partículas, na seção transversal dos tubos vertical e horizontal e após o tê com saída de lado, foi verificada por pesagem dos sólidos nos coletores. O trabalho forneceu, para o duto horizontal, curvas da perda de carga em função de cinco velocidades de ar de 13,45; 15,18; 16,90; 18,97 e 21,39 m/s e vazões de polipropileno de 0,08; 0,143 e 0,233 kg/s, com a distribuição de partículas em pontos de relevância para projeto. O tê com saída de lado forneceu um coeficiente K de 1,40; com prolongamento de 30 mm, um K de 1,58; com o de 60 mm, um K de 1,43 e com o de 90 mm, um multiplicador (K) igual a 1,47 / Abstract: The displacement of polymers, pharmaceutical cereals, ores, pharmaceutical products and other particulate materials in the interior of tubing , having as fluid transporter the air, is called pneumatic transport. This technique is commonly divided in: transport in dense phase, with particles concentration above 30% in volume and transport in diluted phase, with inferior concentration at 1%. The diluted phase, that does not demand thick tubing and is acquired at lesser cost operation and maintenance, has as main inconveniences: a) the consuming of the inferior part of the transporting pipe due to bad distribution of particles in the transversal session; b) the lack of data of the loss of load of T with side exit, that has been replacing curves in catalytic units of oil for creating a cushioning mattress and reducing consuming and c) the scarcity of information of the relation between the particle distribution in the transversal section of the duct and the loading loss. The present work had as general objective to project and build up an experimental unit, in scale pilot with a 117 mm diameter duct, of pneumatic transport to study, in diluted phase, the losses of load in the vertical stretch, the particle singularities and distribution in the transversal section. It aimed as specific objective: a) to construct the curves of loss of load in function of the air speed, having as parameter, the outflows of pellets of polypropylene; b) to determine the value of coefficient K, multiplier of the kinetic load of the general expression of loss of located load for T with side exit, with three distinct prolongations (boundary-makers): 30, 60 and 90 mm and c) to get the distribution of particles in the transversal section of the vertical duct. The projected and built unit consisted basically on a centrifugal fan, with opened half 210 mm diameter shovels, connected to a 1cv changeable rotation engine, a pipe of horizontal Pitot and one vertical line, a rotating valve set in motion by engine of changeable rotation in the base of a feeding silo, extruded acrylic ducts, with internal diameter of 117 mm, a system of collection with nine ducts, square shaped section parallel, for analysis of the distribution of particles in the transversal section of the horizontal and vertical ducts and a cyclone. The loss of load was determined through static pressure heads, connected to piezometric surface rings, with simultaneous reading of all the pressure heads in a series of pipes in "U". The air speed was gotten by Pitot and anemometers. The volumetric outflow of air was calculated by the method of the centroids of equal areas, with the measures of the values collected by the Pitot and anemometer. The outflows of particulates solids were quantified by the number of revolutions per unit of time of the rotating valve, surveyed by the technique of the mass per time. The particle distribution, in the transversal section of the vertical and horizontal pipes and after T with side exit, was verified by weighing solids in the collectors. The work provided to, the horizontal duct, curves of the loss of load in function of five air speeds of 13,45; 15,18; 16,90; 18,97 and 21,39 m/s and polypropylene outflows of 0,08; 0,143 and 0,233 kg/s, with the particle distribution in points of relevance for project. The T with side exit, provided a 1,40 coefficient K; with a 30mm prolongation, a 1,58 K; with 60 mm, a K of 1,43 and with 90 mm, a multiplier (K) equals to 1,47 / Doutorado / Sistemas de Processos Quimicos e Informatica / Doutora em Engenharia Quimica

Aseptic loosening due to polyethylene wear presents one of the most frequently occurring joint replacement complications requiring a revision surgery. Numerous scientific works and publications deal with the issue of morphology, determination and distribution of wear particles. Few studies, however, determine reliably amounts of particles in individual periprosthetic zones. The objective of this work was to evaluate the correlation between amounts of wear particles and periprosthetic osteolysis findings. Description of distribution of these particles in the surroundings of joint replacement presented further objectives of the work. Wear particles were isolated from granuloma obtained during revisions of total hip replacements. Amounts of wear particles were determined using IRc. These findings were correlated with X-ray examinations and intraoperative findings. Method of progressive enzymatic degradation of tissue was used in order to describe wear particles distribution in polyethylene granuloma and surrounding periprosthetic tissues. Results showed uneven incidence of wear particles in the surroundings of the total joint replacement. The incidence correlated with X-ray examinations and intraoperative findings. Distribution of particles was described as well as new determination methods and further...

The aim of the Master thesis is the investigation of the influence of microwave discharge for skin wound healing. Microwave discharge used for this work was argon microwave plasma generated by the surface wave and direct vortex torch. The theoretical part is focused on basic information about plasma and processes that occur in plasma discharge under specific conditions. Plasma generates various active particles such as hydroxyl radicals, nitric oxide radicals, excited nitrogen molecules, atomic nitrogen, argon and oxygen. All of these particles together with plasma generated photons are usable in biomedical applications and summary of them is shown in the theoretical part. The experimental part is focused on the comparison of torch discharge and microwave plasma generated surface wave in skin wound healing. The model wounds on laboratory mousses were treated by plasma and wound healing was examined during 3 weeks after the plasma treatment. Both plasma systems showed healing acceleration. Application of torch discharge was proved to be the most effective method in the healing of skin defects. Additionally, determination of active particles was taken by optical emission spectroscopy. Based on these measurements, plasma parameters were determined: electron temparutare, rotational and vibrational temperatures. To determine role of different plasma active species, the treatment of indigo coloured artificial skin model was treated under various conditions by both plasma systems. Results show that the direct interaction between plasma particles is the main effect, role of radiation, only, is more or less negligible. Finally, the plasma vortex system was visualized using fast camera at selected powers and gas flows.