This study examines how the legal dispute between Canada and the United States, on the status of the Northwest Passage could be resolved through diplomatic means. It asserts that Canada is unable to unilaterally defend its claim to the Passage because it is unwilling to allocate the financial and military resources necessary for such a large undertaking. Joint military enforcement and policy cooperation with the United States outlined in an informal regime in which both countries continue to agree to disagree on the legal status of the Passage, will provide a more cost effective and politically pragmatic alternative to the current dispute. The creation of such an informal bilateral regime should include future efforts for joint environmental protection of the region and the mutual collaboration between military and civilian personal as well as, government agencies in monitoring naval passage through the Strait.

Le sujet n'existe pas en dehors de son rapport à la culture et à la société, ni du langage qui le construisent. Le passage transculturel peut déchoir le sujet de la place qui lui était donné au sein de sa langue maternelle. Et ce dernier se retrouve inévitablement étranger, en recherche d'une modalité d'existence. Le passage touche les fondements mêmes des identifications et peut confronter le sujet à une bascule entre l'angoisse de disparition et la liberté due à une illusion d'un affranchissement de la castration. Cependant, une coupure dans le rapport du sujet à l'Autre n'élimine pas les questionnements sur son être sexué : au contraire, le hors-norme de leur position est susceptible de les réactiver. Tout le monde connaît le fameux aphorisme de Simone de Beauvoir : « On ne naît pas femme on le devient »1. Ce constat fait un écho à la position de Sigmund Freud qui s’interroge jusqu’à la fin de sa vie sur ce que veut la femme. Le premier à mettre en doute les normes innées du sexe biologique, il démontre, grâce au complexe d’Œdipe, les chemins qu’emprunte le sujet comme être social pour devenir homme ou femme. Dans ce travail de thèse, nous examinons les chemins que peuvent emprunter certaines femmes – migrantes russophones de la première génération – prises dans la problématique du devenir féminin dans le contexte d'un entre-deux du passage. / The subject doesn't exist apart from its relation to culture and society nor frome the language that constructs it. The transcultural passage can deprive the subject of his place within the mother-tongue, and he finds himself inevitably foreign, in search of a modality of existence. The passage touches the very foundations of the identifications and can confront the subject to a rocking between the anguish of disappearance and the liberty due to an illusion of the freedoom from castration. However, an abruption in the relation of the subject to the Other does not eliminate the questions about his sexual being : on the contrary, the out-of-norm of their position is susceptible to reactivate them. Everyone knows the famous aphorism of Simone de Beauvoir : « One is not born, bay rather becomes, a woman ». This observation echoes the position of Sigmund Freud who questions himself until the end of his life on what the woman wants. The first to question the innate norms of sex, he demonstrates, with the aid of the Oedipus complex, the paths that the subject takes as a social being to become a man or a woman. In this thesis, we examine the paths that find some women taken in the issue of women's becoming in the context of a transcultural passage. All of them are the first-generation Russian-speaking migrants.

This thesis presents the findings of a physical modeling study examining the hydraulic characteristics within the inlet region of a corrugated steel pipe (CSP) culvert with common inlet treatments. Also examined are the effects of embedding the culvert below the stream bed and backfilling the culvert with granular material. Velocity and turbulence distributions were examined in an effort to better understand how these inlet treatments may affect fish passage. The velocity field of each inlet configuration was dominated by a central jet of high velocity surrounded by low velocity boundary areas. Based on percent area analysis the various projecting end inlet configura-tions presented the largest area with streamwise velocities less than Uavg. The usefulness of the low velocity boundary areas may be limited by significant vertical and spanwise velocities and associated elevated turbulence levels.

This thesis presents the findings of a physical modeling study examining the hydraulic characteristics within the inlet region of a corrugated steel pipe (CSP) culvert with common inlet treatments. Also examined are the effects of embedding the culvert below the stream bed and backfilling the culvert with granular material. Velocity and turbulence distributions were examined in an effort to better understand how these inlet treatments may affect fish passage. The velocity field of each inlet configuration was dominated by a central jet of high velocity surrounded by low velocity boundary areas. Based on percent area analysis the various projecting end inlet configura-tions presented the largest area with streamwise velocities less than Uavg. The usefulness of the low velocity boundary areas may be limited by significant vertical and spanwise velocities and associated elevated turbulence levels.

Texte remanié de: Th. doct.--Anthropol. sociale--Paris--EHESS, 1998. Titre de soutenance : Masques et dévoilements : rituels de construction de l'identité féminine. / Bibliogr. p. 221-234.

Texte remanié de: Thèse de doctorat--Psychologie--Paris 5, 1992. / Bibliogr. p. 191-206 et p. 209. Filmogr. p. 207-208.

No description available.

Water quality data are presented from a laboratory bench scale soil columns study, to simulate an aquifer recharge system injected with MBR wastewater effluent. This study investigates the effect of soil filtration and ozonation on the dissolved organic carbon and bacterial count in the wastewater. Flow Cytometry was used to quantify microorganisms in water samples. Other analytical tests were conducted as well, such as seven anions, fluorescence spectroscopy (FEEM), ultraviolet absorption (UV 254 nm) and dissolved organic carbon measurement (DOC). Influent in this study was injected into two identical soil columns. One of the columns was injected with treated wastewater combined with ozonation called SC1, The second column was injected with treated wastewater only and called SC2. Passing the wastewater through a deeper depth in the soil column showed a reduction in the DOC concentration. Removal of DOC was 53.7 % in SC1 and 53.8 % in SC2. UV 254 nm results demonstrated that the majority of the UV absorbing compounds were removed after the first 30 cm in the soil columns. FEEM results revealed that soil column treatment only doesn't remove humic-like and fulvic-like substances. However, combining soil column treatment with ozonation was capable of removing humic-like, fulvic-like and protein-like substances from the wastewater. Flow Cytometry results showed a bacteria removal of 52.5 %-89.5 % in SC1 which was higher than SC2 removal of 29.1 %-56.5 %.

Eine lange Tradition im japanischen Einzelhandel besitzen die oftmals schmalen und überdachten Einkaufspassagen (Shoutengai). Charakteristisch ist die Aneinanderreihung von kleinflächigen, unabhängigen und oftmals familiengeführten Fachgeschäften. Diese sind sowohl im Einzelhandel, Dienstleistungsgewerbe als auch in der Gastronomie angesiedelt und dienen nicht nur als zentrales Versorgungszentrum in Fußnähe, sondern sind auch Kommunikationsmittelpunkt einer Nachbarschaft oder eines Stadtbezirks. Das Ziel der Arbeit ist die Darstellung der momentanen Situation traditioneller Einkaufspassagen in Japan und welchen Herausforderungen diese aktuell und zukünftig gegenüberstehen. Mangelnde Kundennachfrage, erhöhte Konkurrenzsituation, steigende Steuerabgaben oder fehlende Nachfolger stehen beispielhaft für die Probleme, mit denen sich viele Inhaber konfrontiert sehen. Durch die empirische Untersuchung sollen Determinanten des Erfolgs bzw. Misserfolgs erarbeitet werden. Hierbei wurden von Juni 2015 bis Juli 2016 in Kyoto und Osaka 21 Einkaufspassagen mit insgesamt 3.469 Geschäftsflächen kartiert, von denen wiederum acht Einkaufspassagen näher untersucht wurden. Dabei haben 513 Betriebe an einer standardisierten Befragung teilgenommen und es wurden mehrere Leitfadeninterviews mit Shoutengai-Vereinen sowie Stadtverwaltungen und Wirtschaftsförderern geführt. Als theoretische Grundlagen der vorliegenden Arbeit dient insbesondere die Akteurs- und Handlungstheorie und wie die Aktivitäten der Geschäftsbetreiber die Passagen positiv bzw. negativ beeinflussen. Flankierenden Charakter besitzen zudem die Institutionentheorie, anhand derer der Einfluss politischer Entscheidungen erörtert wird sowie zyklische Theorieansätze, um eine Einordnung der traditionellen Einkaufspassagen in Japans Einzelhandelslandschaft durchzuführen. Seit über drei Jahrzehnten sinkt landesweit die Zahl der Einzelhändler, die Gründe für den Niedergang sind vielfältig. Insbesondere Einzelgeschäfte mit einer niedrigen einstelligen Zahl an Mitarbeitern waren und sind auch weiterhin im Rückgang inbegriffen. Über ein Drittel der befragten Geschäftsinhaber planen in den nächsten fünf Jahren die Geschäftsführung aufzugeben, zwei Drittel von ihnen haben keinen Nachfolger für ihr Geschäft. Zunehmende Schließungen tragen zu Trading-Down Prozessen der gesamten Passage bei. Hohe Leerstandsquoten von bis zu über 50 %, verbunden mit ungepflegten Gebäudefassaden, einem schlechten Beleuchtungskonzept und begrenzter Produktauswahl führen zu einer unattraktiven Einkaufsatmosphäre, resultierend in einem Kundenmangel. Die Diversifizierung der Betriebsformen ab den 1960er Jahren und Deregulierungsprozesse der Binnenhandelspolitik beförderten die Konkurrenzsituation der Einkaufspassagen und bildeten die Grundlage dieser Abwärtsentwicklung. Einige Immobiliengesellschaften nutzen dies für ihre Zwecke und erwerben einige Ladenzeilen, um diese großflächigen zu Wohnhäusern umzubauen. Die Einkaufspassagen erfahren dadurch einen Funktionswandel und verlieren zunehmend ihren ursprünglichen Charakter. Die Ergebnisse tragen dazu bei, die aktuelle Einzelhandelslandschaft Japans zu erfassen und stadtplanerischen Instrumenten bei der künftigen Planung zu unterstützen. / The Shoutengai, a Japanese style commercial district covering a whole street, has a long-standing tradition in Japans retail business. Characteristic is the array of small, specialized, independent and often family-run shops. The intention of this thesis is to present the current situation of traditional shopping streets in Japan, along with the challenges they are facing nowadays and in the future. Lack of customer demand, increased competition, rising taxes and missing successors are examples for the most common problems shop owners see themselves confronted with. Through empirical investigation, determinants for success or failure can be ascertained. In line of the investigation in Kyoto and Osaka, 21 shopping malls containing a total of 3,469 businesses were mapped, from which eight were examined in greater detail. 513 shops participated in a standardized survey, and several expert discussions with Shoutengai associations as well as city administrations and offices for economic development were conducted. The scientific basis of this work is the theory of actions and how the activities of the business operators influence the arcades positively or negatively. This is supported further by the cyclic theories and the institutional theory, which factors in the influence of political decisions on the Japanese retail business. For the last three decades, the retailers have suffered a nationwide decline. This is especially true for smaller businesses. One third of the surveyed shop owners plan to give up management within the next five years, two thirds of whom have no successor for their business. High vacancy rates of sometimes more than 50% and seemingly abandoned buildings make for an unattractive shopping atmosphere, which results in more and more missing customers. Other factors are insufficient exposure and limited product selection compared to online retailers, supermarkets and shopping malls. There was a diversification and deregulation of businesses starting in the 1960s through the domestic trade policy. These processes promoted the competitive situation of the present and provided the basis for the current downward trend. Real estate companies started to seize the new opportunities and are trying to acquire these properties to convert them into large-scale residential buildings. Thus, changing the original purpose and character of the former shopping arcades. The thesis gives an overview over the Japanese retail landscape and draws conclusions that can support future strategies for urban planning.

Diss.--Mannheim, 2002. / Bibliogr. p. 195-212.