En microélectronique, certains dispositifs (MEMS) nécessitent une couche de protection appelée encapsulation pour assurer un fonctionnement optimal. Ce procédé met en jeu une couche structurée de polymère BCB (benzocyclobutène). Celle-ci est en contact avec unsubstrat de silicium d’un côté et une couche de nickel de l’autre. Une compréhension du comportement de ces interfaces et primordiale. L’objectif de cette thèse est la caractérisation de l’énergie d’adhérence des interfaces discontinues Ni/BCB et BCB/Si. Deux essaismécaniques (test de flexion 4-points et insertion de lame) ont été mis en œuvre. Les modèles analytiques mis au point dans le cas d’une interface continue ont servi à l’exploitation de ces essais mais ont aussi montré leur limite. La structuration de l’interface induit des effets géométriques et des effets d’échelle qui ne sont pas bien pris en compte par les modèles classiques. Pour pallier à cette difficulté, un modèle analytique modifié est proposé pour le test d’insertion de lame, ainsi que des calculs de simulation numérique. Ils mettent en avant l’influence des paramètres de la structuration : taille des motifs, espacement. / In microelectronics, some devices (MEMS) need to be encapsulated by a protective layer for optimal performances. This technique involves a patterned layer made of BCB polymer (benzocyclobutene). This layer is between a nickel film and a silicon substrate. A good understanding of those two interfaces is of first importance. The aim of this thesis is the mechanical characterization of the fracture energy of the Ni/BCB and BCB/Si patterned interfaces. Two mechanical tests (the 4-points bending test and the wedge test) have been selected in that purpose. Analytical models are well established to analyze those tests but for continuous interfaces. With patterned ones, those models are limited and do not take into account all the size effects and the geometrical effects induced by the patterning. A modified analytical model is proposed for the wedge test in order to overcome these limitations. Numerical studies are also carried out to complement the study. Patterning effects such as the size of the patterns and the space between them are enhanced.

Nowadays, Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Polymers (CFRPs) have been widely applied in the aerospace and automotive industries. Secondary adhesive bonding, instead of using rivets or bolts in conventional mechanical fastenings, is promising in joining CFRPs because it is simple and applicable for cured parts, widely applied for repairing structures, and of light weight. However, the mechanical performance of secondary bonding is very sensitive to the treatment of CFRP parts. Besides, another concern arises from the fact that secondary bonded specimen often prematurely fails due to delamination and leads to a catastrophic structural collapse. While enhancing the joint strength and toughness is important, limiting the progression of damage is crucial, to ensure confidence in the design and allow enough time for maintenance and repair. Therefore, it is significant to introduce a crack arrest feature into the joints, to slow down (or even stop) the crack growth and achieve progressive failure. In this thesis, we employ advanced surface preparation strategies to enhance the strength, toughness, and safety of adhesively bonded CFRP joints. Globally uniform surface pretreatments, using conventional mechanical abrasion, peel-ply, and pulsed CO2 laser irradiation, are employed at first to improve the mechanical responses of adhesively bonded CFRP joints. Then, to better understand damage mechanisms and guide the joint design, characterizations of surface chemistry, surface energy, and surface morphology are correlated with obtained strength and toughness. Next, trench patterns, ablated by pulsed CO2 laser irradiation, are applied to CFRP substrate to further analyze the role of surface roughness on increased mode I energy release rate. Finally, a novel surface patterning strategy is proposed to achieve superior toughness enhancement in adhesively bonded CFRP joints to improve the joint safety. Such surface preparation strategy is assessed through 2D numerical models and realized experimentally by patterning of pulsed CO2 laser irradiation, illustrating its potential in toughening the joint and successfully delaying the crack propagation.