The topic of National Innovation System (NIS) is gradually emphasized. The NIS includes four compositions. They are government, industry, university and public research organization. The knowledge flow is transmitted among the four compositions through innovation policy. Thus, many countries have begun to develop NIS. The NIS will raise the economic growth rate, and promote the competitiveness of industry. Consequently, the study of NIS becomes very popular. OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development) build particular NIS structures to explain the difference between members, and try to find the key successful way to achieve national innovative goals. In the Asia, the Taiwan, China, Japan and South Korea show high relationship in the politics and economics. Japan and South are high-developing countries, and their innovation activities are very successful in the world, especially in those of technology industry. Additionally, China has abundant natural resources to help them develop technology industries. For above reasons, we elect these countries to be studied, and we try to find the essential factors of successful NIS. This study includes two research issues. We first collect the secondary data to explain different NIS structure among four countries. Then, we use Stepwise Regression Analysis to evaluate the performance of innovation. Finally we use the Pearson Correlation Analysis to analyze relationship between NIS performance and semiconductor industry development. The results of this study include: (1) R&D expenditure is the most important factor to influence the performance of national innovation; (2) Expenditure on basic research is an important factor to influence the output of innovation; (3) national innovation and industry development shows high relationship; and (4) the ranking of national innovation performance is not totally the same as that of industry development. Based on these findings, we will provide some important policy suggestions for innovation activities in Taiwan.