Call number: LD2668 .T4 1957 S86 / Master of Science

Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2009. / Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains viii, 101 p. : ill. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references.

Call number: LD2668 .T4 1956 H39 / Master of Science

Call number: LD2668 .T4 1960 H32

Call number: LD2668 .T4 1955 J64 / Master of Science

No description available.

Four tons of feed were mixed and then pelleted in one-ton lots. Two of the tons, Lots A and B, were pelleted with the rolls of the pellet mill lubricated with a lubricant (Lot I) that contained no chlorinated naphthalenes. Two calves were assigned to each lot of pellets and individually fed the amount of pellets they would eat twice daily. These calves remained normal throughout 135 days of feeding. There was no evidence of toxicity of these pellets. The other two tons of pellets, Lots C and D, were pelleted with the rolls of the pellet mill lubricated with a lubricant (Lot II) that contained 3% of highly chlorinated naphthalenes. Two calves were assigned to each of these lots of pellets and were individually fed the amount of pellets they would eat twice daily. All of the calves developed clinical symptoms and gross and microscopic lesions of bovine hyperkeratosis. Lots C and D pellets were toxic when fed to calves under the conditions of this experiment. Two calves were given oral administrations of the lubricant (Lot I) that contained no chlorinated naphthalenes. They each received a total of 50 grams of lubricant in 10 gram doses given in a period of eight days. These calves remained normal throughout the 56-day feeding period. This demonstrated that Lot I lubricant which was used in pelleting of Lots A and B pellets was not toxic when fed to calves. The other calves were given oral administrations of Lot II lubricant. One of these calves was given enough lubricant so that he received a total of 2.5 milligrams per pound body weight of hexachloronaphthalene. The other calf was given enough lubricant so that he received a total of 5 milligrams per pound body weight of hexachloronaphthalene. These calves developed symptoms and gross and microscopic lesions of bovine hyperkeratosis very rapidly. This indicated that Lot II lubricant which was used in the pelleting of Lot C and D pellets was toxic when administered to calves. Two calves received oral administrations of a 3% solution of hexachloronapthalene in corn oil. One calf received 2.5 milligrams of hexachloronaphthalene per pound body weight, and the other received 5.0 milligrams per pound body weight. Both developed symptoms of bovine hyperkeratosis very rapidly. The symptoms and lesions produced by the hexachloronaphthalene were very similar to those produced by the oral administration of Lot II lubricant and also those produced when Lot C and D pellets were fed. Vitamin A values dropped to levels indicative of deficiency; the calves became depressed, thin, and microscopic lesions were present in the kidney, liver, epididymis, seminal vesicles and parotid gland. This indicated that the toxic agent in Lot II lubricant was highly chlorinated naphthalenes. It was demonstrated that a lubricant passed from the pellet mill rolls into pellets during the pelleting process, and that when this lubricant contained highly chlorinated naphthalenes, the pellets were toxic to cattle. / Master of Science

Call number: LD2668 .T4 1985 M377 / Master of Science

Call number: LD2668 .T4 1986 G66 / Master of Science / Animal Science and Industry

Barred Rock chickens were offered diets that had been pelleted at 55° or 85°C. In an 8-week feeding trial, the subjects receiving pellets processed at the higher temperature experienced significant (P ≤ .05) weight gain over those receiving the diet processed at 55°C. Although feed consumption for this treatment increased as well, the difference was not significant (P ≤ .05). Chemical investigation revealed that metabolizable energy and bioavailability of lysine of both heat treatments were similar. Starch availability as measured by in vitro enzyme susceptibility, however, was lowered by increased heat application. In a second experiment, the feeding behavior of 12-16 week old cockerels offered diets of varying particle size, resulted in significant (P ≤ .05) increases in feed consumption rate and therefore decreases in total feeding activity for birds offered pellets and crumbles as compared to mash and reground pellets. No differences were noted in meal size, meal frequency, interval between meals, or total consumption. In a parallel experiment, no differences were noted in the behavioral parameters of birds receiving diets pelleted at 55, 70, or 85°C of similar density and particle size. Mash controls, however, experienced significantly (P ≤ .05) decreased consumption rate and concurrent increase in feeding activity. The beneficial effects experienced with pelleting can therefore be attributed to the reduction in total feeding activity that allows an increased proportion of net energy to be utilized in support of growth. / M.S.