Thesis (M.B.A.)--University of Hong Kong, 1992.

Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Rhode Island, 2009. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 157-168).

Os investidores institucionais desempenham um importante papel para o crescimento econômico do país, especialmente os componentes da previdência complementar: fundos de pensão e seguradoras. O significativo volume de aplicações financeiras desses segmentos contribui com o funding do investimento produtivode acordo com Keynes. O perfil de longo prazo desses investidores é essencial para a eficiência dos mercados de capitais. Como precisam constituir provisões técnicas em função do valor presente de suas obrigações, seus cálculos necessitam da projeção da taxa de juros de longo prazo. Contudo, essas projeções sãofrágeis porque, segundo a teoria da preferência pela liquidez, a taxa de juros é um fenômeno monetário e, portanto,asua formação depende das inferências do Banco Central quanto a suas metas intermediárias e objetivo finais. Alimitada curva de rendimentos e o nível elevado da Taxa Selic contribuem com essa fragilidade. Dessa forma, o objetivo do presente trabalho é avaliar os impactos da política monetária nacional sobre os fundos de pensão e as seguradoras.Como metodologia, é empregada a pesquisa bibliográfica e quantitativa, inclusive dados dos segmentos para uso em simulações de impacto.A volatilidade da Taxa Seliccausa efeitos em qualquer das três modalidades de planos de previdência. Quando a estrutura de cálculo é atuarial, os impactos são mais preocupantes para os gestores e, quando é financeira, para os participantes. Os efeitos também diferem entre os segmentos. No fechado, são transferidos para os participantes e patrocinadores através do plano de custeio e, no aberto, são absorvidos pelas seguradoras e são agravados pela tributação. Sobre o ativo, a principal consequência é o risco inerente à gestão com visão de curto prazo. Quanto à taxa de desconto do passivo, ambos os órgãos reguladores adotaram parâmetros referenciados pelos juros de mercado,sendo esta uma necessidade imposta pelaexecução da política monetária brasileira. / Institutional investors play an important role in the economic growth of the country, especially the components of private pension: pension funds and insurance companies. The significant volume of investments in these segments contributes to the funding of productive investment according to Keynes. The long-term profile of these investors is essential for the efficiency of capital markets. Given thatthey must constitute technical provisions based on the present value of its obligations, its calculations require the projection of long-term interest rates. However, these projections are fragile because, according to the theory of liquidity preference, the interest rate is a monetary phenomenon and therefore its formation depends on the inferences the Central Bank as its intermediatetarget and final goals. The limited yield curve and the high level of the Selic Rate contribute to this weakness. Thus, the objective of this study is to evaluate the impact of domestic monetary policy on pension funds and insurers. As methodology, it was used the bibliographical and quantitative research, including data segments for use in impact simulations. The volatility of the Selic Rate causes effects in any of the three types of pension plans. When calculation structure isactuarial, the impacts are most worrisome for managers and, when it is financial, for the participants. The effects also differ between segments. In closed one, they are transferred to the participants and sponsors through funding plan and, in the open, are absorbed by insurers and are compounded by taxation. On assets, the main consequence is the risk inherent in management with short-term view. As the discount rate liabilities, both regulators have adopted parameters referenced by market interest, which is a necessity imposed by the implementation of Brazilian monetary policy.

Os investidores institucionais desempenham um importante papel para o crescimento econômico do país, especialmente os componentes da previdência complementar: fundos de pensão e seguradoras. O significativo volume de aplicações financeiras desses segmentos contribui com o funding do investimento produtivode acordo com Keynes. O perfil de longo prazo desses investidores é essencial para a eficiência dos mercados de capitais. Como precisam constituir provisões técnicas em função do valor presente de suas obrigações, seus cálculos necessitam da projeção da taxa de juros de longo prazo. Contudo, essas projeções sãofrágeis porque, segundo a teoria da preferência pela liquidez, a taxa de juros é um fenômeno monetário e, portanto,asua formação depende das inferências do Banco Central quanto a suas metas intermediárias e objetivo finais. Alimitada curva de rendimentos e o nível elevado da Taxa Selic contribuem com essa fragilidade. Dessa forma, o objetivo do presente trabalho é avaliar os impactos da política monetária nacional sobre os fundos de pensão e as seguradoras.Como metodologia, é empregada a pesquisa bibliográfica e quantitativa, inclusive dados dos segmentos para uso em simulações de impacto.A volatilidade da Taxa Seliccausa efeitos em qualquer das três modalidades de planos de previdência. Quando a estrutura de cálculo é atuarial, os impactos são mais preocupantes para os gestores e, quando é financeira, para os participantes. Os efeitos também diferem entre os segmentos. No fechado, são transferidos para os participantes e patrocinadores através do plano de custeio e, no aberto, são absorvidos pelas seguradoras e são agravados pela tributação. Sobre o ativo, a principal consequência é o risco inerente à gestão com visão de curto prazo. Quanto à taxa de desconto do passivo, ambos os órgãos reguladores adotaram parâmetros referenciados pelos juros de mercado,sendo esta uma necessidade imposta pelaexecução da política monetária brasileira. / Institutional investors play an important role in the economic growth of the country, especially the components of private pension: pension funds and insurance companies. The significant volume of investments in these segments contributes to the funding of productive investment according to Keynes. The long-term profile of these investors is essential for the efficiency of capital markets. Given thatthey must constitute technical provisions based on the present value of its obligations, its calculations require the projection of long-term interest rates. However, these projections are fragile because, according to the theory of liquidity preference, the interest rate is a monetary phenomenon and therefore its formation depends on the inferences the Central Bank as its intermediatetarget and final goals. The limited yield curve and the high level of the Selic Rate contribute to this weakness. Thus, the objective of this study is to evaluate the impact of domestic monetary policy on pension funds and insurers. As methodology, it was used the bibliographical and quantitative research, including data segments for use in impact simulations. The volatility of the Selic Rate causes effects in any of the three types of pension plans. When calculation structure isactuarial, the impacts are most worrisome for managers and, when it is financial, for the participants. The effects also differ between segments. In closed one, they are transferred to the participants and sponsors through funding plan and, in the open, are absorbed by insurers and are compounded by taxation. On assets, the main consequence is the risk inherent in management with short-term view. As the discount rate liabilities, both regulators have adopted parameters referenced by market interest, which is a necessity imposed by the implementation of Brazilian monetary policy.

Os investidores institucionais desempenham um importante papel para o crescimento econômico do país, especialmente os componentes da previdência complementar: fundos de pensão e seguradoras. O significativo volume de aplicações financeiras desses segmentos contribui com o funding do investimento produtivode acordo com Keynes. O perfil de longo prazo desses investidores é essencial para a eficiência dos mercados de capitais. Como precisam constituir provisões técnicas em função do valor presente de suas obrigações, seus cálculos necessitam da projeção da taxa de juros de longo prazo. Contudo, essas projeções sãofrágeis porque, segundo a teoria da preferência pela liquidez, a taxa de juros é um fenômeno monetário e, portanto,asua formação depende das inferências do Banco Central quanto a suas metas intermediárias e objetivo finais. Alimitada curva de rendimentos e o nível elevado da Taxa Selic contribuem com essa fragilidade. Dessa forma, o objetivo do presente trabalho é avaliar os impactos da política monetária nacional sobre os fundos de pensão e as seguradoras.Como metodologia, é empregada a pesquisa bibliográfica e quantitativa, inclusive dados dos segmentos para uso em simulações de impacto.A volatilidade da Taxa Seliccausa efeitos em qualquer das três modalidades de planos de previdência. Quando a estrutura de cálculo é atuarial, os impactos são mais preocupantes para os gestores e, quando é financeira, para os participantes. Os efeitos também diferem entre os segmentos. No fechado, são transferidos para os participantes e patrocinadores através do plano de custeio e, no aberto, são absorvidos pelas seguradoras e são agravados pela tributação. Sobre o ativo, a principal consequência é o risco inerente à gestão com visão de curto prazo. Quanto à taxa de desconto do passivo, ambos os órgãos reguladores adotaram parâmetros referenciados pelos juros de mercado,sendo esta uma necessidade imposta pelaexecução da política monetária brasileira. / Institutional investors play an important role in the economic growth of the country, especially the components of private pension: pension funds and insurance companies. The significant volume of investments in these segments contributes to the funding of productive investment according to Keynes. The long-term profile of these investors is essential for the efficiency of capital markets. Given thatthey must constitute technical provisions based on the present value of its obligations, its calculations require the projection of long-term interest rates. However, these projections are fragile because, according to the theory of liquidity preference, the interest rate is a monetary phenomenon and therefore its formation depends on the inferences the Central Bank as its intermediatetarget and final goals. The limited yield curve and the high level of the Selic Rate contribute to this weakness. Thus, the objective of this study is to evaluate the impact of domestic monetary policy on pension funds and insurers. As methodology, it was used the bibliographical and quantitative research, including data segments for use in impact simulations. The volatility of the Selic Rate causes effects in any of the three types of pension plans. When calculation structure isactuarial, the impacts are most worrisome for managers and, when it is financial, for the participants. The effects also differ between segments. In closed one, they are transferred to the participants and sponsors through funding plan and, in the open, are absorbed by insurers and are compounded by taxation. On assets, the main consequence is the risk inherent in management with short-term view. As the discount rate liabilities, both regulators have adopted parameters referenced by market interest, which is a necessity imposed by the implementation of Brazilian monetary policy.

The aim of this thesis is to deal with general types of pension systems and to introduce current Czech pension scheme and its reforms. In general part of this thesis common classification of pension systems is given and advantages and risks of particular solutions are mentioned. Further so called three pillars pension scheme commonly used across European countries is described. Following parts deal with analysis of current Czech pension scheme. Description of public pension legislation focuses on rules for joining public pension scheme, obligation to pay insurance premium, rules for establishment of right to a retirement pension, rules for pension calculation and adjustment of pensions already paid. Survey of main parametric changes implemented continuously on public pension scheme is also included. Fifth chapter is dedicated to so-called small pension reform. Chapter contains analysis of Decision of the Constitutional Court of the Czech Republic which forced a legal amendment of Pension Insurance Act and required to strengthen the adequacy of pensions to prior earnings. Small pension reform consisted in changes of pension calculation rules in compliance with mentioned Constitutional Court decision and in implementation of further parametric changes of public pension scheme. Sixth chapter describes...

M.Comm. / Unemployment in South Africa is a growing concern. With unemployment reaching proportions, poverty and related crime levels are on the increase. Government, pressured by organised labour groups, is looking at all possible means of creating employment. COSATU, as a representative of organised labour, are calling for increased state participation in the economy in order to improve the "workers" plight. COSATU has identified retirement funds as a potential source of employment creation. Worth some R600 billion, retirement funds represent 35% or more of total savings in South Africa, and provide about 60% of local finance to companies. COSATU view these assets as belonging to their members, i.e. a large part of the funds consist of workers' deferred wages in the form of savings for retirement. COSATU believes that these funds should be invested in areas that promote their members' plight. At the end of October 2000, the Economic Empowerment Commission will have handed their formal empowerment proposals to the President. In an article, which appeared in the Financial Times on 14 September 2000, "Blueprint set out for black advancement", details were given of the Economic Empowerment Commission's expected proposals in this regard: "The black economic empowerment commission has proposed wide-ranging recommendations to reinvigorate black economic empowerment, stimulate fixed investment and accelerate economic growth. Commission Chairman Cyril Ramaphosa revealed an outline of the full package of the commission's proposals for the first time yesterday during a joint briefing of several parliamentary committees. The commission has called on business, labour and government to reach an "investment growth" accord and adopt a national black economic empowerment strategy.

The diploma thesis in the first part deals with an overview of basic pension schemes, their typology and distribution. Further, this section deals with the reasons for the reform of the pension system and demographic developments and general trends in pension protection system. The second part deals with analyse the so-called "small" and "large" pension reform, then analysis of the current pension system in Czech Republic for each column of the pension system in particular. At the end thesis represents a model calculation of the expected cash income at retirement age from three columns of the pension system based on specified parameters adaptable to a wide range of subjects which can be calculated for each pillar in particular. Thesis concludes that participation in second column of pension system is advantageous for those, who have salary above average or for people, who have restricted access to save on retirement.

As a part of the Swedish pension system all participants in the working population are given the control of an investment account, which is funded with their pension contributions. The purpose of the account is to allow everyone the possibility to tailor their pension investments in accordance with personal values about risk and expected returns. However, it is shown that many Swedish adults lack the knowledge needed to make informed financial decisions and are therefore at risk of hurting their pension when investing in these accounts. This thesis tries to identify whether a simple but effective investment criterion, namely the size of the management fee, can increase the probability of higher risk-adjusted returns for uninformed investors when participating in the Swedish pension plan. It uses the Graham-Harvey volatility matched approach to evaluate fund performance on an individual basis. The corresponding analysis is then conducted based on grouped statistics of the projected performance measures. The results indicate stronger risk-adjusted returns of low fee funds in two out of the three analyzed categories. Carhart computations of Jensen´s alpha is then used as a robustness check and it provides support for the results found using the Grayham-Harvey method. When testing for difference in performance using the entire sample, 1.2 percent higher risk-adjusted returns were concluded statistically significant in the sample of low fee funds.

The average funding status for eleven southern state pension plans used by teachers as of 2005 is 86%, which translates into over a $40 billion shortfall. Employing Monte Carlo simulation, this study projects the expected future funding status along with confidence intervals for each of these states over the next 10 years. Projections suggest the average underfunding will remain virtually the same based on current state pension contributions and asset allocations. However, if underlying pension asset returns fail to meet expectations due to high funding risk, the average underfunding could fall to 73%, a shortfall of over $150 billion.