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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Modelo experimental de mucosite oral induzida por radioterapia de megavoltagem â papel protetor da pentoxifilina / Experimental model of oral mucositis radio-induced by megavoltage â the protective role of the pentoxyfilline

Josà Fernando Bastos Moura 20 December 2006 (has links)
CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de NÃvel Superior / CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / A mucosite ou estomatite oral (MO), que consiste na resposta inflamatÃria da mucosa oral à aÃÃo de drogas ou radioterapia, onstitui-se num efeito colateral debilitante, sendo uma complicaÃÃo potencialmente sÃria, dose-limitante que tem impacto tanto no controle local quanto na sobrevida e qualidade de vida de pacientes oncolÃgicos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi desenvolver um modelo de MO induzida por radioterapia (RXT) em aparelho de megavoltagem - cobalto-60 (MV - Co60) e avaliar o papel protetor do agente inibidor de citocinas, pentoxifilina (PTX). Foram utilizados 156 hÃmsters Golden Siriam machos com massa corpÃrea mÃdia de 139 gramas. Os animais foram submetidos à RXT da mucosa jugal, utilizando aparelho de MV - Co60. A irradiaÃÃo foi realizada no dia um com campo direto e colocaÃÃo de bolus sobre a mucosa e dose Ãnica de 35 Gy. No quarto dia foram feitas irritaÃÃes mecÃnicas (IM) na mucosa jugal irradiada, como fator potencializador da MO. Os animais foram observados por um perÃodo de 16 dias, ao longo do qual a mucosa foi avaliada macroscopicamente considerando os aspectos de hiperemia, Ãreas hemorrÃgicas, Ãlceras e abscessos. Em dias prÃ- determinados (7, 10, 13 e 16 dias), os animais foram sacrificados e as mucosas removidas e processadas para anÃlise histopatolÃgica (infiltrado celular, dilataÃÃo e ingurgitamento vascular, hemorragia, edema, Ãlceras e abscessos), dosagem da mieloperoxidase e detecÃÃo de TNF-&#945; por imunohistoquÃmica. Antes do sacrifÃcio, foi colhido sangue para contagem total e diferencial de leucÃcitos. Os animais foram pesados diariamente e avaliados quanto as suas respectivas variaÃÃes da massa corpÃrea e realizado tambÃm estudo da curva de sobrevida. No 13 dia, observou-se o pico de intensidade dos achados inflamatÃtios. A PTX foi utilizada nas doses de 5, 15 e 45 mg kg-1sc, 1 h antes da radioterapia e, diariamente,por 13 dias. Observou-se que a induÃÃo da MO causou lesÃes significantes a partir do 7 dia,atingindo pico entre os dias 13 e 16, com aumento significante de marcaÃÃo de TNF-&#945;, sem alteraÃÃo do hemograma dos animais. Contudo, a induÃÃo da MO causou perda significante de peso a partir do 5 dia, mantendo-se estÃvel atà o 13 dia, quando, entÃo se observou queda acentuada e significante da sobrevida dos animais atà o 16 dia. A PTX (15 mg kg-1) foi capaz de reduzir hiperemia, hemorragia, Ãlceras e abscessos (0; 0-2), quando comparada a animais com MO nÃo tratados (salina) com PTX (3; 2-3) (p<0,05). Estes dados foram confirmados pela anÃlise histopatolÃgica das mucosas, onde PTX 15 mg kg-1 (1; 1-3) reduziu o infiltrado inflamatÃrio, dilataÃÃo e ingurgitamento vasculares, edema, Ãlceras e abscessos, quando comparada aos animais que receberam apenas Salina (3; 1-3) (p<0,05). Ainda, PTX 15 mg kg-1reduziu, a marcaÃÃo do TNF-&#945; nas mucosas com MO, quando comparada aos animais nÃo tratados. A PTX nÃo alterou o hemograma, nem a variaÃÃo de massa corpÃrea observada na MO. Em resumo, o modelo de MO induzido por radioterapia de megavoltagem e irritaÃÃo mecÃnica em hamster foi desenvolvido e em concordÃncia ao modelo descrito na literatura por ortovoltagem, mostra caracterÃsticas que em muito se assemelham à mucosite oral humana, em termos de achados macroscÃpicos, histopatolÃgicos e bioquÃmicos, portanto, se prestando para o estudo de novas drogas capazes de combatÃ-la. Quanto à aÃÃo da PTX, foi observado um efeito protetor deste agente na dose de 15 mg kg-1, confirmado pela avaliaÃÃo do mediador inflamatÃrio TNF-&#945; e tambÃm um possÃvel efeito de radiossensibilizaÃÃo na dose de 45 mg kg1 / The oral mucositis (OM) consists of an inflammatory esponse of the oral mucosa to the drugs or radiation therapy and is a deleterious side effect and a potential serious complication,limiting-dose and impacting the local control, overall survival and quality of life in oncology patients. The objective of this study was to develop a OM model radio-induced (RXT) by amegavoltage machine â cobalt unit (MV - 60Co) and evaluate the protector role of the cytokinesinhibitor agent, pentoxyfilline (PTX). For this purpose, 146 male Golden Siriam Hamsters withme dium body mass of 139 grams were used. On the first day, the animals were exposed tomegavoltage irradiation in a cobalt unit, with a single fraction of 35 Gy. A irradiation field was opened to the oral mucosa and it was used a bolus on it. After the 4th day of irradiation, a mechanical scratching (MS) was done over the irradiated oral mucosa for nhancing the OM.The animals were observed for 16 days period in which the oral mucosa was evaluated macroscopically considering the clinical aspects of hyperemia, bleeding areas, ulcers and infections. In pre-determined days (days 7, 10, 13 and 16), the animals were sacrificed and the oral mucosa removed to be analyzed under the histopathological aspects (cellular effusion,vascular dilatation, bleeding, edema, ulcers and infection), mieloperoxidase dosage and TNF-&#945; detection by munohistochemical stain. Before the animals were sacrificed, a blood sample was drawn to count the white cells. The animals were daily weighed and evaluated about their bodymass variations and a survival curve was taken. On the 13th day, it was observed the highest inflammatory finding. The PTX was used in the following doses: 5, 15 and 45 mg kg-1 sc, one hour before the irradiation and daily, for 13 days. It was observed that the induced OM was greatly significant after the 7th day, with the higher findings of TNF-&#945; without blood counting changes between 13 to 16 days. The weight loss was detected after the 5th day and remained stable till 13th day when it was noticed a highly significant weight loss and survival till the 16th day. The PTX (15 mg kg-1) was able to reduce the hyperemia, bleeding, ulcers and infection (0; 0-2) when compared to the animals that received only saline solution (3; 1-3) (p < 0,05). The PTX 15 mg kg-1 reduced the TNF-&#945; stain in the oral mucosa with OM when compared to the animals that were not treated. The PTX altered neither the blood counting nor the body mass in the OM group. In summary, the OM model induced by megavoltage irradiation and mechanical scratching in hamsters was developed accordingly to the model designed to ortovoltage studies in the literature, shows close relationship to the human oral mucosa changes, macroscopically, histopathologically and biochemically, and it can be used in the study of new drugs to prevent mucositis. About the PTX action, it was observed the protector effect of this agent in the 15 mg kg-1 dosage, confirmed by the evaluation of the TNF-&#945; and its possible radiation sensitivity effect in the 45 mg kg-1 dosage

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