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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Dynamique des coordinations interpersonnelles : influence des contraintes informationnelles / Dynamics of interpersonal coordination : influence of informational constraints

Varlet, Manuel 12 December 2011 (has links)
Résumé. Nos mouvements sont souvent coordonnés avec ceux d'autres personnes. Ces coordinations interpersonnelles influencent la performance dans certaines activités sportives mais également le succès de nos interactions sociales dans la vie quotidienne. Les recherches passées ont permis de mieux comprendre les processus perceptivo-moteurs qui sous-tendent le contrôle des coordinations interpersonnelles et d'identifier l'influence de certaines contraintes informationnelles comme la façon avec laquelle un acteur prélève de l'information sur les mouvements observés. Il reste néanmoins souvent difficile de comprendre pourquoi nos mouvements se coordonnent plus facilement avec ceux de certaines personnes. A travers le cadre conceptuel et méthodologique de l'approche dynamique, nous tentons au cours de cette thèse de mieux comprendre les contraintes informationnelles qui influencent la dynamique des coordinations interpersonnelles. Pris ensemble, les résultats de nos études montrent que les coordinations interpersonnelles ne dépendent pas uniquement de la manière dont l'information est prélevée mais aussi de la nature de cette information. Nous mettons en évidence que les propriétés des mouvements avec lesquels nous nous coordonnons influencent les coordinations interpersonnelles. La dynamique de coordination dépend de la nature discrète ou continue, de l'amplitude, et de la coordination intrapersonnelle des mouvements des personnes avec lesquelles nous interagissons. Nous montrons également que le prélèvement de l'information, et plus généralement les processus perceptivo-moteurs sous-tendant les coordinations interpersonnelles sont affectés par la pathologie, ici la schizophrénie, mais sont améliorés par l'apprentissage, ici une habileté sportive. Ces résultats contribuent à une meilleure compréhension des contraintes informationnelles influençant la dynamique des coordinations interpersonnelles. Ils nous permettent de proposer des pistes prometteuses pour l'aide aux personnes montrant un déficit d'interaction sociale. / Abstract. Our movements are often coordinated to those of other people. Such interpersonal coordination influences the performance in sport activities but also the success of our everyday social interactions. Previous research led to a better understanding of the perceptivo-motor processes underlying the control of interpersonal coordination and identified the influence of some informational constraints such as how an actor pick up information on the movements observed. It is however often difficult to understand why our movements are more easily coordinated to those of some people. Using the conceptual and methodological framework of the dynamical approach, we aim in this thesis at further understanding the informational constraints influencing the interpersonal coordination dynamics. Collectively, the results of our studies show that interpersonal coordination does not depend only on how information is picked up but also on the nature of this information. We show that the properties of the movements with those we coordinate influence interpersonal coordination. The coordination dynamics depend on the discrete or continuous nature, the amplitude, and the intrapersonal coordination of the movements of the people with who we interact. We also show that the pick up of the information, and more generally, the percetivo-motor processes underlying interpersonal coordination are affected by the pathology such as schizophrenia, and improved by learning, sport skills for example. These results lead to a better understanding of the informational constraints influencing interpersonal coordination dynamics. They represent promising research directions to help people having a deficit of social interactions.
2

Padrão perceptivo-motor em tarefas psicoacústicas de estruturação rítmica: efeitos da experiência musical / Perceptual-motor pattern in psychoacoustic tasks of rhythmic structuring: effects of musical experience

Paiva, Ana Clara de Souza [UNESP] 10 March 2017 (has links)
Submitted by ANA CLARA DE SOUZA PAIVA null (acspaiva@rc.unesp.br) on 2017-03-24T14:09:32Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese Final para Impressão Divisa.pdf: 2998595 bytes, checksum: 0e6aeaf0257f6918935850088fb5c68d (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luiz Galeffi (luizgaleffi@gmail.com) on 2017-03-24T17:53:11Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 paiva_acs_dr_rcla.pdf: 2998595 bytes, checksum: 0e6aeaf0257f6918935850088fb5c68d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-24T17:53:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 paiva_acs_dr_rcla.pdf: 2998595 bytes, checksum: 0e6aeaf0257f6918935850088fb5c68d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-10 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Diferentes experiências rítmicas podem influenciar funções psicoacústicas durante a reprodução de estruturas rítmicas. A periodicidade do pulso é um elemento básico, presente no ritmo musical, unido ao agrupamento de eventos sucessivos e que é essencial à compreensão e interpretação de estruturas de sequências sonoras. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os efeitos da experiência musical no campo da dança e da música no padrão perceptivo-motor de reprodução de estruturas rítmicas monotônicas e musicais organizadas em tarefas com crescente complexidade. Foram selecionados previamente 60 adultos jovens para compor três grupos: 1) grupo com experiência com ritmo constituído por músicos (MU; n = 20); 2) grupo com experiência com ritmo constituído de dançarinos (DA; n = 20); e 3) grupo sem experiência profissional com música e dança (SE; n = 20). Os três grupos realizaram dois testes psicoacústicos rítmicos: o primeiro, um teste de percepção e reprodução de estruturas rítmicas monotônicas que consistia em ouvir a um estímulo rítmico e reproduzi-lo imediatamente, e o segundo, um teste de percepção e reprodução de estruturas rítmicas musicais, em que a sequência rítmica apresentada é reproduzida simultaneamente à escuta. As variáveis analisadas incluíram frequência de acertos (FA) para ambos os testes, regularidade temporal (RT) do tempo de início da resposta (s), duração (s) dos pulsos e pausas de cada estrutura rítmica para o teste monotônico. E no teste musical a variável sincronismo (SINC) foi verificada pela diferença relativa (%) entre a estrutura temporal do teste e a estrutura temporal da resposta. Os valores SINC foram subdivididos em desvio temporal do pulso e desvio temporal da pausa (componentes psicoacústicos rítmicos). Os resultados encontrados foram divididos em: Etapa 1 - Efeitos da experiência musical e da natureza de testes rítmicos monotônicos e musicais na percepção rítmica, Etapa 2 - Efeitos da memória na regularidade temporal da resposta rítmica, e Etapa 3 - Padrão perceptivo-motor de sincronização rítmica. Os resultados encontrados na Etapa 1 mostraram diferenças entre os grupos com e sem experiência musical. O grupo de MU teve FA acima de 90% nos dois testes. A reprodução do teste musical refletiu o desempenho superior pelos grupos SE e MU comparados ao desempenho no teste monotônico. Em ambos os testes encontramos efeito de complexidade da tarefa apenas para estruturas terminais da sequência, porém com particularidades na variabilidade para cada grupo. Em relação à regularidade temporal do teste monotônico apenas pausas foram variáveis associadas com diferenças entre grupos e complexidade da tarefa. O SINC mostrou que variabilidade da pausa é o parâmetro indicativo de diferenças entre grupo, confirmando o desempenho superior dos grupos com experiência com música. Concluímos que a experiência musical dos participantes teve efeito sobre o padrão perceptivo-motor durante o processamento da informação psicoacústica de estruturas rítmicas com testes monotônicos e musicais, particularmente em parâmetros de variabilidade. A complexidade dos padrões rítmicos parece ter impacto de dificuldade apenas em estruturas terminais em ambos os testes. / Different rhythmic experiences can influence psychoacoustic functions during the reproduction of rhythmic structures. The frequency of the pulse is a basic element in the musical rhythm and the grouping of successive events are essential to the understanding and interpretation of sound sequences. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of musical experience in the field of dance and music on perceptive-motor pattern of monotonic rhythm and musical rhythm with structures organized into tasks with increasing complexity. Sixty young adults were selected to comprise three groups: 1) group with experience with rhythm consisting of musicians (MU; n = 20); 2) group with experience with rhythm consisting of dancers (DA; n = 20); and 3) group without experience with music or dance (SE; n = 20). The three groups performed two tests: the first test of perception and reproduction of monotonic rhythmic structures that were responded immediately after their presentation; the second test required perception and synchronization of tapping to musical rhythmic structures. The variables we examined included frequency of correct performance (FA) in both tests, temporal regularity (RT) of initiation of the response, duration of pulses and pauses of each rhythmic structure for monotonic test. In the musical test timing (SINC) was verified using the relative difference (%) between the temporal structure of the test and the temporal structure of the response. The values SINC were subdivided into temporal deviation of pulse and pause (psychoacoustic rhythmic components). The results were divided in: 1- Effects of musical experience and nature of monotonic rhythm and musical rhythm tests on rhythm perception, 2 - Memory effects on temporal rhythmic regularity, and 3 - Perceptual-motor pattern of rhythm synchronization. The results showed differences between the groups with and without musical experience. The MU group showed a 90% FA in both tests. Performance in the music test reflected superior performance by groups with musical experience compared to performance in the monotonic test. In both tests effect of task complexity was found only in the terminal sequence structures, but with distinctive variability for each group. In relation to temporal regularity of the monotone test, pauses were the variables associated with deterioration of performance in relation to complexity of the task. The SINC has shown that variability of pause is the parameter that detected differences between groups, confirming the superior performance of groups with experience with music. We conclude that experience with music had an effect on the perceptual-motor pattern during the processing of structures with monotonic and musical psychoacoustic rhythms, particularly of parameters of variability. The complexity of rhythmic patterns seems to appear in terminal structures in both tests.

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