Submitted by Celso Magalhaes (celsomagalhaes@ufrrj.br) on 2017-06-12T11:26:17Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2008 - Norberto Silva Rocha.pdf: 1212597 bytes, checksum: 348564fc2134bb9135658be25a94d180 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-12T11:26:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2008 - Norberto Silva Rocha.pdf: 1212597 bytes, checksum: 348564fc2134bb9135658be25a94d180 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-09-04 / Funda??o Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo ? Pesquisa do Estado do RJ - FAPERJ / This research was carried on at Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, at DNAP/IZ, Forage and Pasture Department, Serop?dica, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. Four tropical forage legumes cultivation were assessed: (Calopogonium mucunoides (calopo), Pueraria phaseoloides (puero), Macrotyloma axillare (archer) and Neonotonia wightii (perennial soybean)) submitted under artificial increasing shade levels (0, 30, 50 and 70% shade) during rainy and dry seasons. Randomized blocks experimental design with four replications and 4x4 factorial arrangement was performed. The qualitative variable (species) by SNK test at 5% probability as well as the quantitative one (shade) by regression statistic analysis were evaluated. The estimated parameters were: dry matter production (DMP), crude protein level (CP), crude protein production (CPP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), cellulose (CEL), hemicellulose (HEM) and lignin (LIG), leaf/steam ratio (RL/S) and also mineral composition (calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K)). Puero and the archer presented the biggest PMS during rainy and dry season, respectively. Gains on legumes DMP according to increasing shade levels during both evaluation periods were observed. Exclusively during rainy season, highest DMP under 30% shade level was presented by calopo. The puero and the archer presented bigger PMS while submitted to 50% shading treatment, during both evaluation periods. At 70% in rainy season as at 50% in dry one, highest DMP by perennial soybean was demonstrated. The biggest CP contents were observed by puero species and perennial soybean in both evaluation periods. For the CP content, only during dry season an increment has been seen according to the shading levels. The biggest CPP has been observed with the puero on the rainy season and with the archer on the dry one. The smallest and biggest NDF and CEL contents were observed with the species calopo and puero, respectively, during rainy seasons. On this evaluation the HEM and LIG contents did not varied (P>0.05) among legumes. During dryness, perennial soybean presented lowers NDF, CEL and HEM contents, while the biggest contents were observed on puero. For the shading levels purpose, it has been observed an increase on the NDF, CEL and HEM contents with the shading improvement on both evaluation seasons. No effect on LIG were observed on species or shading levels, during both seasons. Calopo and perennial soybean presented bigger RL/S on the rainy season and during the dry one bigger RL/S was shown with the perennial soybean. Regarding shading effects over RL/S values, a reduction related to studied treatments have been observed. For the mineral composition there was no difference on the Ca and P contents for the legumes focused on this study, however a lower K content was got by archer during rainy season. On dry season, the Archer obtained bigger P content and lower Ca and K ones. No difference on P and K contents for puero and perennial soybean legumes. A bigger Ca content was obtained by perennial soybean during that time. The increasing shading levels leads to increments on Ca, P and K contents, during both evaluated periods. Under an intensified shading level the biggest increase was observed on the studied minerals. Nevertheless, the best result for the tropical forage legumes cultivation, submitted to different shading levels, was presented on the 50% shade level, where the biggest DMP concentration, intermediate gains in fiber composition and increment to the forage have occurred under this condition. / O experimento foi conduzido na Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, no Setor de Forragicultura e Pastagem do DNAP/IZ, Serop?dica, RJ. Foi estudado o cultivo de quatro leguminosas forrageiras tropicais (Calopogonium mucunoides (calopog?nio), Pueraria phaseoloides (kudzu tropical), Macrotyloma axillare (macrotiloma) e Neonotonia wightii (soja perene)) submetidas a n?veis de sombreamento artificiais (0, 30, 50 e 70% de sombra), durante os per?odos das ?guas e seca. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso com esquema fatorial 4x4, com quatro repeti??es. A vari?vel qualitativa (esp?cie) foi estudada utilizando-se o teste SNK a 5% de probabilidade, e a vari?vel de car?ter quantitativo (sombreamento) foi avaliada por meio de an?lise de regress?o. Os par?metros avaliados foram: produ??o de mat?ria seca (PMS), teor de prote?na bruta (PB), produ??o de prote?na bruta (PPB), a composi??o da fra??o fibrosa (fibra em detergente neutro (FDN), fibra em detergente ?cido (FDA), celulose (CEL), hemicelulose (HEM), lignina (LIG)), a rela??o folha/haste (RF/H) e a composi??o mineral: c?lcio (Ca), f?sforo (P) e pot?ssio (K). O kudzu tropical e o macrotiloma apresentaram as maiores PMS durante os per?odos das ?guas e seca, respectivamente. Foram observados incrementos na PMS das leguminosas estudadas em fun??o dos n?veis de sombreamento, durante os dois per?odos de avalia??o. O calopog?nio apresentou maior PMS sob o n?vel de 30% de sombra, sendo somente avaliado no per?odo das ?guas. O kudzu tropical e o macrotiloma apresentaram maior PMS quando submetidas ao tratamento de 50% de sombreamento, durante os dois per?odos de avalia??o. A soja perene apresentou maior PMS sob o n?vel de 70% na ?poca das ?guas e no tratamento de 50% no per?odo seco. Os maiores teores de PB foram obtidos pelas esp?cies kudzu tropical e soja perene nos dois per?odos de avalia??o. Para o teor de PB, somente durante o per?odo seco foi observado incremento em fun??o dos n?veis de sombreamento. A maior PPB foi observada para o kudzu tropical na ?poca das ?guas e para o macrotiloma na ?poca seca do ano. Os menores e os maiores teores de FDN e CEL foram observados nas esp?cies calopog?nio e kudzu tropical, respectivamente, durante a esta??o das ?guas. Nesta avalia??o os teores de HEM e LIG n?o diferiram (P>0,05) entre as leguminosas. No per?odo seco, a soja perene apresentou os menores teores de FDN, CEL e HEM, sendo observado os maiores teores no kudzu tropical. Para o efeito dos n?veis de sombreamento, foi observado aumento no teor de FDN, CEL e HEM ? medida que o sombreamento foi intensificado, nos dois per?odos de avalia??o. N?o foram observados efeitos da esp?cie e dos n?veis de sombreamento para o teor de LIG, durante as duas esta??es do ano. O calopog?nio e a soja perene apresentaram maior RF/H na ?poca das ?guas e, durante a seca foi observado maior RF/H na soja perene. Quanto ao efeito dos n?veis de sombreamento sobre a RF/H foi observada redu??o nesses valores em fun??o dos tratamentos estudados, durante os dois per?odos de avalia??o. Quanto a composi??o mineral n?o houve diferen?a entre os teores de Ca e P para as leguminosas estudadas, entretanto o menor teor de K foi obtido pelo macrotiloma, durante o per?odo das ?guas. Na ?poca seca, o macrotiloma obteve maior teor de P e menores teores de Ca e K. N?o houve diferen?a entre os teores de P e K para as leguminosas kudzu tropical e soja perene. O maior teor de Ca foi obtido pela soja perene neste per?odo. Os n?veis crescentes de sombreamento acarretaram incremento nos teores de Ca, P e K, durante os dois per?odos avaliados. Sob o n?vel de sombreamento mais intenso foi observado o maior incremento dos minerais estudados. Contudo, a melhor resposta obtida para o cultivo de leguminosas forrageiras tropicais, submetidas a diferentes intensidades de sombreamento, foi apresentada sob o n?vel de 50% de sombra, onde concentraram maior PMS, acr?scimos intermedi?rios na composi??o fibrosa e incremento de minerais ?s forrageiras quando produzidas nessa condi??o.