Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:30:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 EudesESL_DISSERT.pdf: 3660262 bytes, checksum: 2f49bf8e168db0a23897caf6722ba359 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-03-18 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / This study aimed to verify the prevalence of lip and perioral lesions in worker who were under sunshine on the beaches of Natal/RN and to investigate possible associations of these with sociodemographic, occupational and general health variables. For this, 362 individuals who had one of the urban beaches (Ponta Negra / Environment / Redinha) in the city of Natal/RN as a working environment in the study. We excluded people under 18 years old. Data collection was done through epidemiological analysis and extra-oral validated questionnaire with questions that characterize socioeconomic and demographic factors, occupational exposure and general health. The male subjects (72.6%) were the majority in the sample. The people who worked directly exposed to high peaks of ultraviolet radiation, as well as informal workers predominated. Considering the total sample of individuals, ephelides in the perioral region (33.7%) and labial region (24.0%), solar lentigo perioral (15.2%) and actinic cheilitis (13.8%) stood out as the most prevalent lesions. Indoor workers and those who had a habit occurrence of injuries by 19% and 21% respectively higher when compared to outdoor workers and people without habits. The variable use of cap / hat was associated with the presence of cold sores (Qui2 = 1,328, p = 0,058). On the threshold of significance, the type of work was also associated with lesions in lip occurrence (p = 0,042). Men showed a lower incidence of perioral lesions when compared to female workers (PR=0,716, p valor = 0,002). The present study showed high prevalence of lip and perioral lesions. The premalignant lesions were the most identified, both as in lip skin. It is important therefore to be encouraged to adopt protective measures against excessive sun exposure, fairly and consistently / Esse trabalho visou estudar a preval?ncia de les?es labiais e periorais em trabalhadores que estiveram sob exposi??o solar nas praias do munic?pio de Natal/RN, investigando ainda poss?veis associa??es destas com vari?veis de natureza sociodemogr?fica, ocupacional e de sa?de geral. Para tanto, 362 indiv?duos que tinham uma das praias urbanas (Ponta Negra/Meio/Redinha) do munic?pio de Natal/RN como ambiente de trabalho participaram do estudo. Foram exclu?das as pessoas que tinham menos de 18 anos de idade. A coleta de dados se deu por meio de exame epidemiol?gico extra-oral e question?rio validado com perguntas que caracterizavam condi??es socioecon?micas e aspectos demogr?ficos, a exposi??o ocupacional e a sa?de geral dos indiv?duos. Os indiv?duos do g?nero masculino (72,6%) foram maioria na amostra. A popula??o que trabalhava diretamente exposta a altos picos de radia??o ultravioleta, bem como os trabalhadores informais predominaram. Considerando a amostra total de indiv?duos, ef?lides em regi?o perioral (33,7%) e em regi?o labial (24,0%), lentigo solar perioral (15,2%) e queilite act?nica (13,8%) destacaram-se como as les?es mais prevalentes. Os trabalhadores indoor e os que possu?am algum h?bito apresentaram ocorr?ncia de les?es 19% e 21%, respectivamente maiores, quando comparados com trabalhadores outdoor e pessoas sem h?bitos. A vari?vel uso de bon?/chap?u se mostrou associada com presen?a de les?es labiais (Qui2 = 1,328, p = 0,058). No limiar de signific?ncia, o tipo de trabalho tamb?m se mostrou associado com a ocorr?ncia de les?es em l?bio (p = 0,042). Os homens apresentaram menor ocorr?ncia de les?es periorais quando comparadas aos trabalhadores do g?nero feminino (RP=0,716, p valor = 0,002). O presente estudo evidenciou altas preval?ncias de les?es labiais e periorais. As les?es potencialmente malignas foram as mais identificadas, tanto em l?bio como em pele. ? importante, portanto, que seja estimulada a ado??o de medidas de prote??o contra a exposi??o solar excessiva, de forma correta e consistente

Tardive dyskinesia (TD), marked by abnormal involuntary movements and frequently expressed as perioral activity, represents an adverse outcome of prolonged antipsychotic therapy, occurring in approximately 5 % of patients per treatment year. Although neuronal mechanisms underlying TD are largely unknown, more recent experimental studies in animal models of TD are providing insight into the neuronal mechanisms associated with TD and implicating newer treatment approaches. It is now evident that a predominance in the ratio of dopamine (DA) D1:D2 receptor (R) activation accounts for induction of perioral movements in rodent models of TD, in nonhuman primate models of TD, and in humans with TD. Experimentally, TD is produced in animal models of TD, in a manner analogous to that by which TD is produced in humans - by continuous and prolonged administration of a DA D2R antagonist (i.e., an antipsychotic drug). More recently, in a rodent model of TD, it has been shown that a lesion of dopaminergic - mainly nigroneostriatal - neurons reduces the time latency for occurrence of TD, also increases the severity of perioral activity, and results in permanence of TD after complete removal of D2R antagonist treatment. The induction of perioral activity is related to DAR supersensitivity but unrelated to numbers of D2R and D2R in the neostriatum, a brain region associated with perioral activity. More apropos, serotoninergic systems are now recognized as having a greater role in effecting perioral activity, and it appears that 5-HT2C receptor antagonists are most effective in abating perioral activity in a rodent model of TD. These processes and mechanisms, topics addressed in this chapter, highlight a newer understanding of mechanisms underlying TD and provide insight into new approaches towards treatment of TD in humans.