Chu Xiangyang. / Thesis submitted in: December 1999. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2000. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 130-148). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / ABSTRACT --- p.i / ACKNOWLEDGMENTS --- p.v / ABBREVIATION --- p.vi / TABLE OF CONTENT --- p.viii / Chapter 1. --- Introduction / Chapter 1.1 --- General introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- History of laparoscopic surgery --- p.2 / Chapter 1.2.1 --- Diagnostic laparoscopy --- p.3 / Chapter 1.2.2 --- Operative laparoscopy --- p.5 / Chapter 1.2.3 --- Pediatric laparoscopy --- p.6 / Chapter 1.3 --- Pathophysiology of pneumoperitoneum --- p.8 / Chapter 1.3.1 --- Choice of gas for pneumoperitoneum --- p.9 / Chapter 1.3.2 --- C02 absorption and acid-base balance --- p.10 / Chapter 1.3.3 --- Effects of pneumoperitoneum on respiratory system --- p.16 / Chapter 1.3.4 --- Effects of pneumoperitoneum on circulatory system --- p.17 / Chapter 1.3.4.1 --- Due to hypercarbia --- p.18 / Chapter 1.3.4.2 --- Due to increased intraabdominal pressure (IAP) --- p.21 / Chapter 1.4 --- Pathophysiology of peritonitis --- p.26 / Chapter 1.4.1 --- Animal model of peritonitis --- p.26 / Chapter 1.4.2 --- Effects of peritonitis on cardiovascular system --- p.30 / Chapter 1.5 --- The purpose of this study --- p.33 / Chapter 2. --- Materials and Methods / Chapter 2.1 --- Animals and grouping --- p.34 / Chapter 2.2 --- Anaesthesia and procedures --- p.35 / Chapter 2.3 --- Pulmonary monitoring --- p.41 / Chapter 2.4 --- Hemodynamic monitoring --- p.42 / Chapter 2.4.1 --- Arterial catheter --- p.42 / Chapter 2.4.2 --- Pulmonary arterial catheter --- p.43 / Chapter 2.4.3 --- Cardiac output measurement --- p.44 / Chapter 2.5 --- Experimental design --- p.45 / Chapter 2.5.1 --- Operative intervention --- p.47 / Chapter 2.5.2 --- C02 pneumoperitoneum --- p.47 / Chapter 2.5.3 --- Data collection --- p.48 / Chapter 2.6 --- Blood gas analysis --- p.49 / Chapter 2.7 --- Oxygenation analysis --- p.50 / Chapter 2.8 --- Histological study --- p.51 / Chapter 2.9 --- Equations used for calculations --- p.54 / Chapter 2.10 --- Statistical analysis --- p.55 / Chapter 3. --- Results / Chapter 3.1 --- Baseline physiological measurements --- p.56 / Chapter 3.2 --- Acid-base balance measurements --- p.58 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- End tidal C02 tension (PetC02) --- p.58 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- Arterial partial pressure of C02 (PaC02) --- p.60 / Chapter 3.2.3 --- Arterial pH (pHa) --- p.62 / Chapter 3.2.4 --- Arterial bicarbonate (HC03a-) --- p.67 / Chapter 3.2.5 --- Arterial base excess (BEa) --- p.72 / Chapter 3.3 --- Hemodynamic measurements --- p.77 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- Mean arterial pressure (MAP) --- p.77 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- Central venous pressure (CVP) --- p.82 / Chapter 3.3.3 --- Mean pulmonary artery pressure (MPAP) --- p.84 / Chapter 3.3.4 --- Pulmonary artery wedge pressure (PAWP) --- p.86 / Chapter 3.3.5 --- Heart rate (HR) --- p.88 / Chapter 3.3.6 --- Cardiac index (CI) --- p.93 / Chapter 3.3.7 --- Stroke volume index (SVI) --- p.96 / Chapter 3.3.8 --- Systemic vascular resistance index (SVRI) --- p.98 / Chapter 3.3.9 --- Pulmonary vascular resistance index (PVRI) --- p.100 / Chapter 3.4 --- Respiratory and oxygenation measurements --- p.101 / Chapter 3.4.1 --- Peak inspiratory pressure (PIP) --- p.101 / Chapter 3.4.2 --- Arterial oxygen saturation (Sa02) --- p.105 / Chapter 3.4.3 --- Arterial oxygen content (Ca02) --- p.107 / Chapter 3.4.4 --- Oxygen delivery index (D02I) --- p.107 / Chapter 3.4.5 --- Oxygen consumption index (V02I) --- p.107 / Chapter 3.5 --- Pathology --- p.108 / Chapter 4. --- Discussion / Chapter 4.1 --- Effects on C02 homeostasis --- p.112 / Chapter 4.2 --- Effects on hemodynamics --- p.117 / Chapter 4.2 --- Effects on oxygenation --- p.123 / Chapter 4.3 --- Evaluation of the animal model --- p.124 / Chapter 5. --- Conclusion / Chapter 5.1 --- Conclusion --- p.127 / Chapter 5.2 --- Future prospective --- p.129 / BIBLIOGRAPHY --- p.130