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Economic theory has produced many dynamic models of economic growth and development, some of which take into account the export-import sector and balance of payments problem so vital to underdeveloped countries. These models are either product-market oriented, money-market oriented, or some combination of both. Those that are product-market oriented generally take the import sector as exogenously determined or changing at some specific, usually constant, rate and then analyze the export sector with respect to it; suggesting that in accordance with the theory of comparative advantage, an underdeveloped country should expand its production of export good or goods in which it possesses a comparative advantage, as a means of improving its balance of payments position and moving towards sustained economic growth. Some of these dynamic theoretical models have not been tested with actual data from underdeveloped nations, largely due to the problem of obtaining reliable data from these countries. Those that have been tested, have used, for the most part, data that ranged over only a short period of time, due to the problem stated above. Several of the more important contributions are summarized in the following section. / Master of Arts

Economic theory has produced many dynamic models of economic growth and development, some of which take into account the export-import sector and balance of payments problem so vital to underdeveloped countries. These models are either product-market oriented, money-market oriented, or some combination of both. Those that are product-market oriented generally take the import sector as exogenously determined or changing at some specific, usually constant, rate and then analyze the export sector with respect to it; suggesting that in accordance with the theory of comparative advantage, an underdeveloped country should expand its production of export good or goods in which it possesses a comparative advantage, as a means of improving its balance of payments position and moving towards sustained economic growth. Some of these dynamic theoretical models have not been tested with actual data from underdeveloped nations, largely due to the problem of obtaining reliable data from these countries. Those that have been tested, have used, for the most part, data that ranged over only a short period of time, due to the problem stated above. Several of the more important contributions are summarized in the following section. / Master of Arts

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Demographic and migration characteristics of riberenos , the largest population group in the Amazon Basin, have been neglected by scholars until recently. This thesis explores the determinants and consequences of migration in the Pacaya-Samina National Reserve (PSNR), northeastern Peruvian Amazon. Our findings suggest that migration reduces the rate of population growth and alters household composition. Logit and probit models show that migration in the area is determined by individual characteristics (i.e., education level of migrants and sibling structure), household factors (i.e., family age-sex composition, kingroup size, age of male head of household, education level of male and female heads of household, illness experience, initial extraction skills, initial non-land assets, and livelihood activity reliance), and community features (land endowments and the presence of a secondary school). Multiple regressions (OLS) further reveal that the household age-sex composition and migration characteristics influence resource use. Migration features seem to be more positively associated with agricultural production and resource extraction, and negatively related with fish production. This research improves our understanding of traditional people in the PSNR area.

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The purpose of this study was to analize the combined effects of the two agrarian reforms 1969 and 1980 on a peasant group in the Chicama valley - Peru. Until now Magdalena de Cao, a peasant group in Chicama valley had not been examined in light of the recent agrarian reforms and their effects on this peasant group. The data were collected mainly through informal interviews with minimum participant observation. Comparative information on lifestyles among the people representing all types of agrarian constituents were obtained as part of the data. Some questions, if not hypotheses, have been generated and raised. A census of 177 families or 870 individuals was obtained by this researcher alone. Magdalena de Cao, as a peasant group, provides an empirical case of independent peasants and their adaptive strategies to confront the challenge of social development. Their strife is not only relevant to Chicama valley, but also in the broader national picture. / Department of Anthropology

Conservation of the world's biodiversity is increasingly viewed as a development problem, requiring the alleviation of poverty together with the promotion of alternative livelihoods in resource-reliant communities. To be successful, such efforts must recognize the underlying logic of resource-users' livelihood choices. This study uses the activity of aquarium fish extraction in the Peruvian Amazon as a case study through which to examine the role that physical and non-physical assets (primarily knowledge) might play in determining households' participation patterns. An initial survey of the regional trade, undertaken through interviews with trade participants (n = 38) and analysis of government documents, revealed a large, valuable and complex industry. Data gathered through surveys among households in two proximate fishing villages (n = 37) indicated large inter- and intra-village variation in trade participation. Households that specialize in the activity tend to be young, and rich in nonphysical assets of knowledge and social capital.

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