Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-14T14:48:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ANGELO RAFAEL NEVES XAVIER.pdf: 66203 bytes, checksum: 79e73b75d6c91d52fb2f19b8987239b6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-03-30 / The criminal liability of companies introduced by the 1988 Constitution was established in crimes against the environment with the enactment of Law 9.605/98, so called the Law of Environmental Crimes. Since then, discussions about its possible or not, gained more emphasis on doctrinal and jurisprudential industry. Two opposing theoretical perspectives, one accepting the criminal liability of collective entities as a necessary evolution in criminal law, and another chain in the sense that such accountability does not agree with the dogmatic principles of criminal law, is therefore a setback in violation of the principles of classical general theory of crime. Despite the constitutional provision and the effective infra, environmental legislation has gaps regulations that require further attention from the criminal point of view. First, regarding the issue sanction in regard to the principle of legality, because there is no minimum and maximum limits in the law for capital punishment to collective entities. Moreover, the standard infra was totally silent with regard to procedural issues when present in a corporate hub of criminal liability, requiring operators to seek criminal law in other branches forms to fill that void. What goes against due process of law. In an exemplary manner the French system of charging a criminal entity has adapted law to receive the company in the Criminal Law system. Our legal system uses the analogy to cover the gaps. This figure as the central focus being worked on the premise that is accepted criminal responsibility of legal entities in our planning should be analyzed how effective will their correct application. / A responsabilidade penal da pessoa jur?dica introduzida pela Constitui??o Federal de 1988 ficou estabelecida nos crimes contra o meio ambiente com a promulga??o da lei 9.605/98, chamada Lei dos Crimes Ambientais. Desde ent?o, os debates, a respeito de sua possibilidade ou n?o, ganharam mais ?nfase no setor doutrinal e jurisprudencial. Opondo-se duas correntes te?ricas, uma aceitando a responsabilidade penal dos entes coletivos como uma evolu??o necess?rio ao Direito Penal, e outra corrente, no sentido de que tal responsabiliza??o n?o est? de acordo com os princ?pios dogm?ticos do Direito Penal, e portanto, um retrocesso em afronta aos princ?pios cl?ssicos da teoria geral do delito. N?o obstante a previs?o constitucional e a efetiva??o infraconstitucional, a legisla??o ambiental apresenta lacunas normativas que carecem de uma melhor aten??o do ponto de vista criminal. Primeiramente, referente a quest?o sancionat?ria, em aten??o ao princ?pio da legalidade, pois n?o h? limites m?nimos e m?ximos na lei para aplicar a pena aos entes coletivos. Ademais, a norma infraconstitucional fora totalmente omissa no que tange ?s quest?es procedimentais quando presente uma pessoa jur?dica no polo passivo da a??o penal, requerendo aos operadores do Direito Penal buscar em outros ramos formas para preencher esse v?cuo, o que vai de encontro ao devido processo legal. De maneira exemplar, colaciona-se o sistema Franc?s de imputa??o penal ? pessoa jur?dica, eis que adequou a legisla??o para receber a empresa no Direito Penal. Em nosso ordenamento utiliza-se da analogia para cobrir as lacunas. Isso figura como o foco central a ser trabalhado, partindo da premissa que ? aceita a responsabilidade penal da pessoa jur?dica em nosso ordenamento dever? ser analisado de que maneira efetivar-se-? sua correta aplica??o.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:27:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 OthonMMA.pdf: 955144 bytes, checksum: 29d720958ad489287500017f5cfaa75c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-08-23 / In Brazil, constitutional clauses regarding religious freedom have concrete applications in Private Law. Church-State Law, or "Ecclesiastical Law of the State," studies the legal principles which may be applicable to religious activity, exercised individually and collectively. The study of Church-State Law in Brazil lacks a thorough introduction to the constitutional and civil aspects of religious organizations: such an introduction is the main end of this work. Following a brief introduction, the main aspects of religious freedom and the principle of private autonomy as it concerns religious organizations are explained. A careful introductory analysis of Church-State Law in Brazil is thus developed: (1) the historical aspects, including a detailed account of the relations between Catholicism, the established religion up to 1889, and the government; (2) the current constitutional principles, as presented in the text of the federal Constitution of 1988, regarding the rights and claims of religious organizations; (3) how the same constitutional principles are to be used in the interpretation of Private Law (especially the Civil Code of 2002), fostering and preserving the uniqueness of religious organizations in the Brazilian legal system. A brief complementary chapter presents some aspects of the legal position of religious institutions in three other nations whose constitutional documents have influenced the current Brazilian federal Constitution (France, Spain, and the United States) / As garantias constitucionais de prote??o ? liberdade religiosa t?m aplica??o concreta no Direito Privado. O Direito Eclesi?stico do Estado (isto ?, o estudo das normas jur?dicas aplic?veis ao fen?meno religioso, em suas manifesta??es individuais ou coletivas) carece, no Brasil, de um estudo introdut?rio da posi??o constitucional e infraconstitucional das organiza??es religiosas, lacuna que o presente texto visa suprir. A breve an?lise abrangente do problema, segue-se apresenta??o dos princ?pios da liberdade religiosa e da autonomia privada aplicada ?s organiza??es religiosas. Um estudo cuidadoso sobre o hist?rico do Direito brasileiro do fen?meno religioso prefacia os pontos centrais da pesquisa: a defini??o dos princ?pios constitucionais estruturais do Direito Eclesi?stico no Brasil e a aplica??o pr?tica desses princ?pios no ?mbito do Direito Privado das pessoas jur?dicas de natureza religiosa (as organiza??es religiosas). Finalmente, apresenta-se a situa??o das pessoas jur?dicas religiosas no Direito Comparado, escolhidos ordenamentos jur?dicos nacionais que tamb?m guiam-se pela autonomia das esferas pol?tica e religiosa