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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Variabilité et évolution des apports de matières en suspension dans la zone côtière : approche multi-échelle dans le bassin de la Méditerranée / Variability and evolution of suspended particulate matter inputs in the coastal zone : multi-scale approach in the Mediterranean basin

Sadaoui, Mahrez 12 December 2016 (has links)
Les fleuves assurent le transport des matières particulaires vers la mer, introduisant ainsi du sable, des nutriments et des contaminants. Les fleuves méditerranéens sont de part leurs caractéristiques (relief accidenté, climat contrasté) naturellement riches en matières en suspension (MES), mais leurs flux sont aujourd’hui largement modifiés par la construction de barrages. Cette étude vise à comprendre la variabilité et l’évolution des apports fluviaux en MES en Méditerranée par une approche multi-échelle : (1) Dans le Golfe du Lion, les flux de MES (et nutriments associés) ont été estimés à long terme grâce à la nouvelle méthode SiRCA (Simplified Rating Curve Approach). La lithologie est le contrôle principal pour la variabilité spatiale de ces flux, ce qui attribue au Rhône le rôle dominant dans les apports totaux (95%). (2) Dans le bassin méditerranéen, une quantification complète des apports par l’ensemble des fleuves a été établie (modélisation empirique) dont 35% de MES sont aujourd’hui retenus dans les grands barrages (GB). (3) Dans le bassin du Maghreb, la retenue sédimentaire par les petits barrages a pu être estimée égale à celle des GB. / Rivers ensure the transport of suspended particulate matter (SPM) to the Sea, introducing sand, nutrients and contaminants. According to their drainange basin characteristics (mountainous relief, contrasting climates), Mediterranean rivers are naturally rich in SPM, but their fluxes are largely altered today because of damming. This study aims to understand the variability and evolution of the riverine SPM inputs to the Mediterranean sea by a multiscale approach. (1) In the Gulf of Lion, total SPM fluxes (and associated nutrients) were estimated on the long term through the development of a new method SiRCA (Simplified Rating Curve Approach). The lithology is the main control for the spatial variability of these fluxes, which attributes to the Rhône River the dominant role in the overall fluxes (95%). (2) In the Mediterranean basin, empirical modeling could be established which allows for the first time a complete quantification of the inputs by all the rivers in this region (997 Mt/an). It also confirms the importance of lithology among the dominant controlling factors. By combining this model with a database of large dams in this region, it has been calculated that about 35% of SPM are today retained behind dams. (3) In the Maghreb basin, finally the role of sediment retention by small dams and hillside reservoirs has been studied. A new database on these reservoirs was created and combined with the database on large dams. This study demonstrates that small dams probably retain the same amount of sediments that large dams.

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