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The Socially Empowering Impact of Entrepreneurship: A Study on Urban Ugandan WomenJohansson, Sanna, Sjindjapkin, Amalia January 2015 (has links)
Gender equality and women empowerment are two of the most up-to-date concerns on the international arena today. Several methods are being adopted with the aim to allow women’s equal social, economic and political participation. Entrepreneurship has been highlighted as a useful tool to foster women’s empowerment and hence the promotion of entrepreneurship has become a prominent approach in modern development efforts. In Uganda, women constitute the majority of the informal labour force and are widely engaged in micro-business activities. Thus, this ethnographically inspired research aimed to assess if entrepreneurship can contribute to increased social power among female entrepreneurs in urban and suburban Kampala, Uganda. To do this, John Friedmann’s (Dis)empowerment model has been used as the main frame of interpretation. To fit into the context of women, it has been complemented with a gender analysis in order to identify the structural inequalities that may constrain the empowering impact of entrepreneurship. This research was carried out as a field study in Kampala City and in three Kampala suburbs: Kyaliwajjala, Kireka and Kinawataka. It was financed by the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (SIDA) and was conducted during nine weeks in September-November 2014. In total, 45 interviews were carried out with local business women as well as with local representatives and stakeholders in women entrepreneurship and women empowerment. The conclusions drawn from this study is that entrepreneurship has contributed to increased social power among the women participating in this research, but that traditional gender norms and structures can constrain the empowering process. Greater economic responsibilities have not eased women’s obligations in the domestic sphere and thus created a double burden.
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Significados do trabalho informal em Luanda: luta, coragem e persistência nas vozes dos jovens migrantes / Meanings of informal work in Luanda: struggle, courage and persistence in the voices of the young migrantsSamba, Simão João 07 February 2012 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2012-02-07 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This work was carried out in Luanda, capital of the Republic of Angola, from the experience of work and life of young migrants involved in informal work in Luanda, specifically the street vendors. The objective was to analyze the meanings that young migrants involved in informal work in Luanda, attach to their experiences as well as the reasons that led then to the involvement of such activities. Understand these informal activities and understand as well how it contribute to overcame their poor working conditions and the survival of this young vendors, since they live mostly in a context marked by extreme poverty, vulnerability, exclusion and social inequality. It is understood that the knowledge and analysis of the meanings of these young people attribute to their stories and experiences, as well as the reasons for their involvement in informal activities, current issues are social important, given the few or almost no studies that address this reality from the view of who is involved in it. It is a qualitative study, based on Marx's social theory, specifically in the analytical perspective of dialectical materialism critical. The study included 16 young migrants, informal workers in Luanda, of both sex, aged between 18 and 35 years. We used as data collection technique of participant observation and systematic interviews and group oriented script prepared in advance, both complemented by bibliographic and documentary research. A field diary was used to record the necessary information, which later contributed to the analysis of information obtained and presented in this paper. The testimonies of this young people pointed out the alternative of the informal work as a mean of survival strategy, which cater to the lack of jobs that could absorb them. On the other hand, showed that there is a crackdown on this type of work, by the state, without the state providing alternatives to enable them to survive. It also pointed out that those young people do not have the informal work as a project of their life; many of them are doing this informal work and studying at the same time, which they believe could open employment opportunities for then. The migration of these young people to the capital in search of a better living conditions, work, security, protection and opportunity, was mainly due to the war and lack of investment in rural areas. It is concluded that informal work is an alternative and strategy of those young people to overcome the lack of jobs and the multiple losses and miseries that they go through their life stories and trajectories, including the lack of conditions to keep up with dignity and provide the essential to their children and dependents. These situations highlight the need to think in social and public policies capable of achieving the desires, aspirations and expectations of these individuals and ensure their protection, while construction of new spaces of possibilities and ways of life of those who are deprived of their fundamental rights / O presente trabalho foi desenvolvido na província de Luanda, capital da República de Angola, a partir
das experiências de trabalho e de vida dos jovens migrantes envolvidos com o trabalho informal, mais
especificamente a venda ambulante. O objetivo foi analisar os significados que os jovens migrantes,
trabalhadores informais em Luanda, atribuem às suas experiências, bem como os motivos que os
levaram ao envolvimento com tais atividades. A compreensão dessas atividades informais contribui
para a superação das condições precárias de trabalho e sobrevivência dos jovens, uma vez que
vivem, em sua maioria, em contexto marcado por extrema pobreza, vulnerabilidade, exclusão e
desigualdade social. Entende-se que o conhecimento e a análise dos significados atribuídos por
esses jovens às suas histórias e vivências, assim como os motivos do envolvimento deles nas
atividades informais, constituem temas atuais e socialmente importantes, atendendo aos poucos ou à
quase inexistência de estudos que abordem essa realidade a partir da visão de quem nela esteja
envolvido. É um estudo qualitativo, fundamentado na teoria social de Marx, mais concretamente na
perspectiva analítica do materialismo dialético crítico. Participaram do estudo 16 jovens migrantes,
trabalhadores informais em Luanda, de ambos os sexos, com idades entre 18 e 35 anos. Foram
utilizadas como técnicas de coleta de informações a observação participante e sistemática e
entrevistas grupais orientadas por roteiro previamente elaborado, ambas complementadas por
pesquisas bibliográfica e documental. Um diário de campo serviu para registrar as informações
necessárias, as quais, posteriormente, contribuíram para a análise das informações obtidas e
apresentadas neste trabalho. Os depoimentos dos jovens apontaram o trabalho informal como
alternativa e estratégia de sobrevivência, que atendem à falta de postos de trabalho que pudessem
absorvê-los. Por outro lado, mostraram que há uma repressão a esse tipo de trabalho, por parte do
Estado, sem que este ofereça alternativas que lhes possibilitem a sobrevivência. Apontaram também
que os jovens não têm o trabalho informal como projeto de vida, tanto é que muitos deles estão se
empenhando em estudos que, acreditam, poderão abrir-lhes outras e novas oportunidades de
emprego. A migração desses jovens para as capitais das províncias em busca de melhores
condições de vida, de trabalho, de segurança, de proteção e de novas oportunidades, ocorreu
principalmente em decorrência da guerra e da falta de investimentos nas zonas rurais. Conclui-se,
que o trabalho informal é alternativa e estratégia dos jovens para superarem a falta de emprego e as
múltiplas perdas e misérias que atravessam suas histórias e trajetórias de vida, incluindo a falta de
condições para manter-se com dignidade e oferecer o essencial aos seus filhos e dependentes.
Essas situações evidenciam a necessidade de pensar-se em políticas sociais e públicas capazes de
alcançar os anseios, as aspirações e as expectativas desses sujeitos e garantir sua proteção,
enquanto espaços de construção de novas formas e possibilidades de vida de quem se encontra
destituído de seus direitos fundamentais
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