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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Fungos Coprófilos de Pernambuco

MELO, Roger Fagner Ribeiro 24 February 2015 (has links)
Submitted by Fabio Sobreira Campos da Costa (fabio.sobreira@ufpe.br) on 2015-05-15T13:05:30Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Tese_Roger_Fagner_Ribeiro_Melo_PPGBF.pdf: 11414504 bytes, checksum: 1988578e34e26505f95e4da204ebfbf4 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-15T13:05:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Tese_Roger_Fagner_Ribeiro_Melo_PPGBF.pdf: 11414504 bytes, checksum: 1988578e34e26505f95e4da204ebfbf4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-24 / Fungos coprófilos representam um restrito grupo de sapróbios especialmente adaptados a viver e se alimentar de excrementos de herbívoros, sendo importantes componentes de diver sos ecossistemas. Considerando como hipótese que uma alta diver sidade específica pode ser encontrada, com diferenças significativa nas comunidades sobret udo entre área de vida dos animais, este trabalho teve como objetivo conhecer a diversidade e aspectos ecológicos de fungos coprófilos em Pernambuco. Um total de 270 amostras de excrementos bovinos, caprinos e equinos, coletadas durante 20 meses, em áreas que compõem um gradiente edafoclimático indo do litoral (Recife - complexo Mata Atlântica), mais úmido, passando pelo agreste (Caruaru) até o sertão semiárido (Serra Talhada), ambos complexo Caatinga. Foram registradas 1304 ocorrências de fungos coprófilos, sendo identificadas 145 espécies, das quais 115 (79,31%) pertencem a Ascomycota, seguidas por Mucoromycotina (17; 11,72%) e, finalmente, por espécies de Basidiomycota (13; 8,27%). Saccobolus citrinus é a espécie coprófila dominante em Pernambuco, com 107 registros de ocorrência (8,23%). Podospora é o gênero mais rico, com 12 espécies identificadas. Quatro novos táxons são apresentados, incluindo três espécies e um gênero. Cinquenta e uma espécies constituem novos registros para o Brasil. Todas as espécies identificadas foram descritas, com a distribuição geográfica e registros de habitat. Fotografias e ilustrações dos espécimens e uma chave de identificação para os fungos coprófilos de Pernambuco são apresentadas. A Teoria da Estratégia é sugerida para elucidação da estrutura e da dinâmica das comunidades observadas, e as relações entre a importância relativa da competição, da tolerância a estresses e às perturbações são discutidas. O fator mais importante na composição específ ica da micobiota coprófila pernambucana é o tipo de substrato, em detrimento da área de coleta, contrariando a hipótese inicial do trabalho. Um gradiente de sibalização, menor em excrementos bovinos, intermediár io em equinos e maior em caprinos, ocasionou um gradiente de estrutura das comunidades, favorecendo a presença de formas conidiais e mucoromicetos não-piloboláceos no fim do gradiente e de formas coprófilas típicas, competitivas, no começo. As variáveis pluviométricas mostraram fraca correlação com parâmetros das comunidades. Foi realizada também revisão de 116 exsicatas de ascomicetos copróf ilos no Herbár io URM. Dessas, excetuando as 42 adições recentes revisadas, 24 tiveram identificação confirmada, 24 foram redeterminadas e 26 mostraram-se inconsistentes para revisão. Como contribuição ao conhecimento da micobiota coprófila brasileira, foi elaborado um checklist contendo os 291 nomes de espécies de fungos registradas em excrementos no Brasil, assim como chaves para identificação. / Coprophilous fungi represent a restricted group of saprobes specially adapted to live and feed on herbivore dung, being an important component of many ecosystems. Considering the hypothesis that high species diversity can be accessed, with significant differences in the communities especially bet ween the collection area, this study aimed to access the diversity and ecology of coprophilous fungi from Pernambuco. A total of 270 samples of cattle, goar and horse dung was collected for 20 months in areas that compose an edaphic and climatic gradient going from the coast (Recife - Atlantic Forest complex), more humid, through the Agreste (Caruaru) to the semi-arid Sertão (Serra Talhada), both Caatinga complex. A total of 1304 ocurrences of coprophilous fungi was recorded, with 145 species identified species, of which 115 (79.31%) belongs to Ascomycota, followed by M ucoromycotina (17; 11.72%) and finally by species of Basidiomycota (13; 8.27%). Saccobolus citrinus is the dominant coprophilous species in Pernam buco, with 107 records (8.23%). Podospora is the richest genus, with 12 identified species. Four new taxa are presented, including three species and one genus. Fifty-one species are new records for Brazil. All identified species weredescribed, with the geographic distribution and habitat records. Pictures and illustrations of specimens and an identification key for the coprophilous fungi from Pernambuco are presented. The Theory of Strategy is suggested for the understanding the structure and dynamics of the studied communities, and the relationship bet ween the relative importance of competition, stress tolerance and disturbance are discussed. The most important factor influencing specific composition of these fungi is the type of substrate, and not the collection area, as thought on the initial hypothesis. Apelletization gradient, lower in cattle dung, intermediate in horse dung and higher in goat dung caused a gradient on the community structure, favoring the presence of conidial states and nonpilobolaceous mucoromycetes at the end of the gradient and typical coprophilous species, competitive, on the begining. Variables associated with the rainfall showed little impact on the communities parameters. It was also performed a review of 116 exsiccates containing coprophilous ascomycetes in the Herbarium URM. Among these, excluding the 42 recent additions reviewed, 24 had its identification confirmed, 24 were redetermined and 26 proved inconsistent for review. As a contribution to the knowledge of the brazilian coprophilous mycobiota, a checklist was provided, containing 291 names of fungal species recorded in dung in Brazil, as well as identification keys.
2

Evoluce morfologie askospor a jejich šíření u bryofilních zástupců řádu Pezizales / Evolution of ascospore morphology and their dispersal in bryophilous Pezizales

Janošík, Lukáš January 2020 (has links)
Bryophilous Pezizales represent a species-rich group of fungi closely associated with bryophytes. Their ascospore morphology is highly variable and they strongly differ also in the genome size and ecology. They could thus represent an interesting model system for the research of evolution of ascospore morphology and their dispersal. The aims of my thesis were to test whether their genome size, number of nuclei in ascospores and ecology of host bryophyte influence their ascospore morphology and to experimentally test the effect of ascospore morphology on their active dispersal. I studied 52 species of bryophilous Pezizales. I reconstructed their phylogeny based on the sequences of three DNA regions, which I then used for the testing of relationships between individual variables using the phylogenetic generalized least squares. For the majority of species, I obtained measurements from morphometric analysis, genome size measurements using flow cytometry, and determined the number of nuclei in their ascospores using the fluorescent microscopy. I localised the infection apparatus and included also the ecological characteristics of the host bryophytes into the analyses. Using the experiments with horizontal ascospore discharge, I measured the distance of active ascospore ejection and recorded whether...

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