A high efficiency driver is designed for light emitting diode (LED) street lamps in the thesis. The main power conversion circuit employs a phase-controlled rectifier to convert the power from the ac mains of 110/220 V, 60 Hz directly into a dc source, providing the required output current for the street lamps formed by arrayed high brightness white LEDs. The phase-controlled rectifier of the LED driver circuit can be a conventional semi-converter or a rectifier with symmetrical phase control, which makes use of thyristors and power transistors, respectively, to regulate the LED current by means of adjusting the conduction angles in a cycle of the ac line. The phase-controlled rectifiers may exclude the use the bulky electrolyte capacitor with acceptable variation in the chromaticity and the color temperature. Operating at the low frequency, the phase-controlled rectifiers can avoid the problems of electromagnetic interference caused by high-frequency switching and adopt low cost power switches. Furthermore, a relatively high power factor can be achieved when the line source voltage varies within a small allowable range. The research is targeted to a design of a 200 W LED street lamp. To facilitate the changes of the control functions and circuit parameters, the control circuit is realized with a microcontroller. In addition, over-voltage/current protections can be included easily. Experimental results demonstrate that the phase-controlled rectifiers with appropriately designated circuit parameters can approach a power factor of 0.92 and a circuit efficiency of 93% at the rated output.

The hardware validation of a novel average-value model (AVM) for the simulation of a synchronous-generator/controlled rectifier system is presented herein. The generator is characterized using genetic algorithm techniques to fit standstill frequency response (SSFR) measurements to q and d-axis equivalent circuits representing the generator in the rotor reference frame. The generator parameters form the basis of a detailed model of the system, from which algebraic functions defining the parametric AVM are derived. The average-value model is compared to the physical system for a variety of loading and operating conditions including step load change, change in delay angle, and external closed-loop control, validating the model accuracy for steady-state and transient operation.

O presente trabalho tem como principal objetivo construir um conversor CA/CC de baixo custo e elevado fator de potÃncia para o carregamento de baterias. A topologia proposta foi escolhida apÃs uma revisÃo das caracterÃsticas dos retificadores usuais para esse fim. Diferente dos outros, apresenta aspectos de robustez que o tornam apropriado para operar em localidades remotas. O retificador trifÃsico semicontroladoem alta frequÃncia (RTSCAF) à construÃdo com um nÃmero reduzido de chaves semicondutoras. O elevador de tensÃo à alimentado por uma turbina com umgerador sÃncrono a ÃmÃs permanentes (PMSG). Um circuito de controle em malha aberta efetua a comutaÃÃo das chaves para a operaÃÃo no modo de conduÃÃo descontÃnuo (DCM).Esse modo mantÃm as correntes em fase com as tensÃes, resultando em elevado fator de potÃncia e baixa distorÃÃo harmÃnica total (DHT), implicando em eficiente transferÃncia de potÃncia. Foi construÃdo um protÃtipo com potÃncia de saÃda de 250 W, para carregar um banco de baterias de 48 V. Os testes foram realizados com um aerogerador de baixa rotaÃÃo, atà 1 kW, acionado por um motor com variador de tensÃo, emulando as condiÃÃes do vento. Foram obtidos um fator de potÃncia de 0,98 e DHT na corrente de entrada de18%, resultados experimentais que validam a funcionalidade do conversor proposto. / The main objective of this work is to build a low cost CA/CC battery charging with high power factor to small energy wind power supply. The proposed topology has been chosen after a review of rectifiersâ characteristics used for this proposal. Unlike the others proposals, the topology was designed take in a count aspects that make it appropriated to operate in remote areas. A semi controlled three phase rectifier operating in high frequency was built with a reduced numbers of semiconductors. The system is powered by a synchronic generator turbine of permanent magnets A control unit runs in open loop with a control strategy of key switching operating in discontinuous conduction mode (DCM) that ensure high power factor and low harmonic distortion total, improving the power transfer efficiency. The prototype output power was 250 W, it was specified to charge a 48 V battery bank. Tests were conducted in low speed and wind power by 1 kW. A motor was drived as variable voltage charge to emulating wind conditions. Goods results were obtained like a power factor of 0.98 and the input current THD 18%, experimental results was carried out to validate the functionality of the proposed converter.