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Thèse (M.A.)--Université de Sherbrooke (Canada), 2007. / Titre de l'écran-titre (visionné le 1 février 2007). In ProQuest dissertations and theses. Publié aussi en version papier.

<p> Explores the foundations of political community as understood in two complementary ways: first, in contemporary normative political and social theory. Second, in the history of politics and in the history of philosophy. Particular attention is given to David Hume, Adam Smith, and Edmund Burke, as well as their relationship to contemporary political philosophers like Bernard Williams, John Rawls, Jeremy Waldron, Alasdair MacIntyre, Charles Mills. Using Wittgenstein&rsquo;s concept of a form of life <i>(lebensform) </i> in the <i>Philosophical Investigations,</i> argues that there is a family within the history of political thought whose members share the understanding that a shared form of life, which develops organically and historically, is a necessary condition for a free society to work well. Examines how political and social obligation, trust and commerce, as well as sympathy and concepts of rights, all require interdependence and shared assumptions and expectations. This family balances the impulses of political realism and political idealism, though is somewhat more anti-idealist than pro-realist. Bottom-up thinking that doesn&rsquo;t fall in to the trap of idealism or of rationalism, due to a commitment to epistemological limits and the recognition of our finite capacities. In particular, I am interested in how we can combine the seemingly competing forces of culture and tradition (ways we have been doing things, one might say) with the necessary desire for change, reform, and progress. My approach to these questions can help shape the way we think about the size of states, if and when foreign intervention makes sense, the pace of change, and the necessary variety of political and social orders suited to a varying world.</p><p>

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<p> The purpose of this research is to better understand the birth of psychoanalytic theories in the context of collaborative and adversarial relationships. From the 1920s, there were seminal papers revealing theoretical variances which impacted collegial relationships and vice versa. Melanie Klein&rsquo;s theoretical identity attracted attention as she transformed her observations of child play into a theory of the internal world. This study explores how in a milieu, where theoretical identities shifted, collaborators turned into adversaries and agreements became disagreements. </p><p> In taking up the inception of Kleinian theory, this study examines three relationships: the relationship between Melanie Klein and Anna Freud, Mrs. Klein, Edward Glover, and Melitta Schmideberg, her daughter, and finally, the relationships between Melanie Klein, Donald Winnicott, and Wilfred Bion. Using hermeneutic textual analysis, this study is a critical examination of how historically, one theory&rsquo;s limitation became another theorist&rsquo;s opportunity and the implications this reality entailed. This research examines the analytic <i>lineage</i> that raised Kleinian analysis. The aggregated collection of Kleinian critiques review Kleinian theories from various analytic perspectives. </p><p> The research enquiry investigates how theoretical disagreements, in the history of the British Psycho-Analytical Society, impacted the development of new theories. The unreconciled collegial partnerships influenced reorganization of disciplinary cohorts and theoretical subgroups, and impacted the institutional revolution of the British Psycho-Analytical Society, expressed by the institutionalization of three different theoretical groups. The British Psycho-Analytical Society&rsquo;s transformation&mdash;from mono-theoretical to multi-theoretical training structure&mdash;became a unique construct of confluence where the members&rsquo; and the subgroups&rsquo; identities continued to evolve. The result of this study supports the notion that institutional reparation is an idea of an analytic milieu where not only the relationship between analyst and patient, but also collegial relationships, can negotiate love, hate, and theoretical differences. </p><p> The implication of this study involves limited artifacts of direct correspondence between some of the protagonists, namely, Klein and her daughter Schmideberg, Glover and Schmideberg, and between Bion and Winnicott. To bypass this challenge, this hermeneutic exploration scrutinizes protagonists&rsquo; citations, usage of analytic terminology, and footnotes. Further research is needed to develop plans and procedures contributing to a well-organized model for institutional reparation.</p>

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2006. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 67-11, Section: A, page: 4205. Adviser: Steven Wagner. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 134-139) Available on microfilm from Pro Quest Information and Learning.

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A dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Humanities, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy / In 1990, Derrida added an introduction to his earliest long work, his student mémoire of 1954, which explained that he found in that work a “law” that had continued to impose itself across his oeuvre. This dissertation investigates selected works of the early Derrida, from that first student work of 1954 up to segments of Of Grammology, to demonstrate how Derrida’s “law” developed at least as far as his early system in 1967, as a basis for approach to Derrida’s overall oeuvre. / XL2018

1826 is the date attributed to the very first known photograph, Nicephore Niepce's "View from the Window at Gras." For traditional historians of photography this date marks the moment when the genius of man was finally able to merge the knowledge of chemistry with that of optics to create the most amazing technology of visual representation. However, those same historians recognize that the two essential components of photography---the camera and the properties of silver halides---had been known for centuries before the first photograph was ever taken. / This thesis explores two fundamental questions: Why wasn't photography invented soon after its major technological components were discovered c. 1650? And why was it invented in the early decades of the nineteenth century c. 1830? This gap of some 200 years separating the feasibility of photography from its actualization has remained largely unexplained. / The answers to both questions is found by situating the genealogy of the invention of photography within the development of the Western philosophy of vision. The fact that photography was invented at the junction of the Classical and Modern epistemes offers a unique opportunity to approach the history of photography from the perspective of the history of thought. Hence this thesis takes its inspiration from the work of Michel Foucault and some of his followers---in particular Jonathan Crary and Geoffrey Batchen. The result of this radical shift from the technical to the intellectual environment allows the history of photography to transcend the narrow confines of technology and formal appearances. From a Foucauldian perspective I argue that photography was invented as a response to the epistemic instability experienced during the transition from the Enlightenment to Modernity.

In contrast with the procedural orientation of Athenian law in his day, Aristotle thinks that the lawcode should include principles which explain the rules of the lawcode and guide the interpretation of these rules in difficult cases. It should be determined by majority vote whether the decisions and proposals of political experts are consistent with the principles of the lawcode. Aristotle's views on practical explanation support his views on political deliberation. Someone has a techne rather than mere empeiria if he can give an account of the principles of an art and is able to explain the results of his deliberations in the art in terms of the principles. Such explanation does not have the same status as apodeixis in the epistemai, in that such an explanation cannot demonstrate that a conclusion follows necessarily from the principles of the art. However, a person who has experience in the art is able to evaluate deliberative options based on such arguments. / Aristotle has an account of practical intellection which, like Plato's, is theory-based. Aristotle's account is an adjustment of Plato's account in the light of Isocrates' criticisms of Plato. Aristotle combines the accounts of Plato and Isocrates---the emphasis of the one on explanation and the emphasis of the other on practical principles. Aristotle's views on practical intellection allow him to solve a problem associated with Plato's proposals in the Laws, which resemble in important respects Aristotle's own proposals. Plato intends in the Laws to introduce an arrangement on which the polis is governed by non-philosopher citizens educated by the lawcode. However, because of his views on practical intellection, Plato is forced to put the 'Nocturnal Council' in charge of 'preserving the laws'. Because of his views on practical intellection, Aristotle can accept that the majority can be in charge of preserving the law. Aristotle's views on practical intellection also allow him to say that one ought to spell out the principles of the lawcode and privilege them in the interpretation of the law---which is different from the Athenian, procedural approach to the law---even though no universally true claims are possible on practical issues.