The diploma thesis consists of theoretical and practical part. The theoretical part deals with a definition of important concepts such as philosophy for children, historical development of this program, personality of a child, communication and thinking of pre-school children. The practical part is conceived as a controlled dialogue with children in preschool education, with a great emphasis on expressing their emotions and experiencing a given situation.

This thesis deals with the bases of Ethics in comparison with the practice of Ethics in the Slovak and the Czech Republic. The first part describes and discusses the philosophical, pedagogical and psychological bases of teaching subject called Ethics. It presents a chronological overview of ethical theories and their comparison of the base of morality. It deals with the philosophy of education and dialogue as the principles of teaching. It represents Piaget's theory of moral development of the child, states stages of moral reasoning by Kohlberg and characterizes Frankl's logotherapy. The second part analyzes and compares the approaches to Ethics in primary and secondary education in the Slovak Republic and the Czech Republic due to the bases of ethics set out in the first part. It represents the Slovak koncept of Olivar's prosocial education, the activities of Ethical Forum Czech Republic and the programme Philosophy for children.