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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Phospho-proteomic Analysis of Neuroblastoma Tumor Initiating Cell Signaling Pathways: Identification of Src Family and B Cell Receptor Signaling as Novel Drug Targets

Vojvodic, Milijana 30 November 2011 (has links)
Neuroblastoma (NB) is the most common extra-cranial solid tumor in children. Recently discovered neuroblastoma tumor-initiating cells (NB-TICs) have many properties of cancer stem cells and form tumors with as few as 10 cells. To elucidate the signaling pathways driving NB- TIC survival and proliferation, we surveyed the phospho-tyrosine containing subset of the NB- TIC proteome. Over 300 phosphorylated proteins were identified, including 21 tyrosine kinases of which several belong to the Src kinase family. Using bioinformatics tools, several hematopoietic signaling pathways were identified, including the B cell receptor (BCR) pathway. Further proteomic approaches substantiated molecular hematopoietic features in NB-TICs. Inhibitors of BCR proximal kinases SYK and SFKs were cytotoxic to NB-TICs. Clinically utilized inhibitors of SFKs induce apoptosis in NB-TICs. Targeting hematopoietic survival pathways in NB-TICs from the bone marrow, which have thus far not been predicted to play a role in this neural malignancy, may provide new drug therapies for NB.
2

Phospho-proteomic Analysis of Neuroblastoma Tumor Initiating Cell Signaling Pathways: Identification of Src Family and B Cell Receptor Signaling as Novel Drug Targets

Vojvodic, Milijana 30 November 2011 (has links)
Neuroblastoma (NB) is the most common extra-cranial solid tumor in children. Recently discovered neuroblastoma tumor-initiating cells (NB-TICs) have many properties of cancer stem cells and form tumors with as few as 10 cells. To elucidate the signaling pathways driving NB- TIC survival and proliferation, we surveyed the phospho-tyrosine containing subset of the NB- TIC proteome. Over 300 phosphorylated proteins were identified, including 21 tyrosine kinases of which several belong to the Src kinase family. Using bioinformatics tools, several hematopoietic signaling pathways were identified, including the B cell receptor (BCR) pathway. Further proteomic approaches substantiated molecular hematopoietic features in NB-TICs. Inhibitors of BCR proximal kinases SYK and SFKs were cytotoxic to NB-TICs. Clinically utilized inhibitors of SFKs induce apoptosis in NB-TICs. Targeting hematopoietic survival pathways in NB-TICs from the bone marrow, which have thus far not been predicted to play a role in this neural malignancy, may provide new drug therapies for NB.
3

Identification of APOBEC-Associated Frequent Mutations and Characterization of FGFR3-Driven Signaling Pathways in Bladder Cancer / Identification des mutations fréquentes et associées avec APOBEC et caractérisation des voies de signalisation contrôlées par FGFR3 dans le cancer de la vessie

Shi, Mingjun 04 September 2019 (has links)
Le cancer de la vessie (BCa), est une tumeur maligne de l’urothélium, fréquente dans le monde entier, dont le traitement particulièrement coûteux ne permet cependant pas d’éviter les récidives et les progressions. FGFR3 est l'un des gènes les plus fréquemment mutés dans le BCa et les cellules tumorales sont dépendantes de son expression pour leur prolifération. La mutation FGFR3 S249C est fortement surreprésentée (62% des mutations récurrentes de FGFR3). Dans la première partie de ma thèse, en réalisant une étude de la signature de mutation, nous avons montré que cette surreprésentation de la mutation FGFR3 était liée à une pression sélective induite par la mutagenèse APOBEC et non due à un gain de fonction plus important induit par cette mutation. En plus de FGFR3 S249C, 44 mutations fréquentes (représentant près de la moitié des mutations fréquentes du BCa) ont été identifiées comme étant associées à la signature mutationnelle APOBEC et la plupart d'entre elles étaient surreprésentées par rapport à d'autres mutations au sein du même gène. Il est intéressant de noter que ces mutations associées à APOBEC incluaient à la fois de nouveaux ‘conducteurs’ et des ‘passagers’ fréquents potentiels et qu’elles pouvaient potentiellement prédire la réponse à l’immunothérapie et à un traitement anti-ATR (pas anti-ATM). Dans la deuxième partie de cette thèse, nous nous sommes intéressés aux effets fonctionnels du gène FGFR3 dans le BCa. En utilisant un modèle de souris transgénique, nous avons apporté la première preuve in vivo selon laquelle cette mutation FGFR3 S249C conférait un pouvoir de transformation maligne. Ce processus était associé à une instabilité accrue du génome, activation de MYC et à une angiogenèse accrue, probablement induites par le facteur induisant l'hypoxie (HIF1A). En outre, nous avons caractérisé le réseau de régulation contrôlé par FGFR3 en analysant des données protéomiques obtenues par spectrométrie de masse à partir d'une lignée de cellules cancéreuses du cancer de la vessie portant la mutation FGFR3 S249C - UMUC14. Plusieurs voies de signalisation bien connues comme étant régulées par FGFR3 ont été identifiées. Nous avons également mis en évidence de nouvelles cascades de signalisation suite à l'activation de FGFR3 pouvant être jouer un rôle dans la progression tumorale, notamment un axe FGFR3 / HIF1A / angiogenèse qui a été validé dans certains modèles de BCa in vitro et in vivo. / Bladder cancer (BCa) is a worldwide frequent and costly urothelial malignancy. FGFR3 is one of the most frequently mutated genes in BCa and a driver of an oncogenic dependency. Here, we systematically catalogued the FGFR3 point mutation spectrum in BCa and identified 14 recurrent residues (frequency ≥ 2). One hotspot mutation - FGFR3 S249C - was strongly over-represented compared to other recurrent FGFR3 mutations (62% of all recurrent mutations). Based on in-depth investigation of mutational signature, we revealed that this over-representation of FGFR3 S249C mutation was merely favoured by APOBEC mutagenesis rather than a stronger functional selection compared to other oncodriver mutations on FGFR3. Similarly, together with FGFR3 S249C, 44 frequent mutations (accounts for nearly half of all frequent mutations in BCa) were pinpointed to be associated with APOBEC mutational signature and most of them were over-represented compared to other mutations within the same gene. Interestingly, these APOBEC-associated mutations included both novel potential ‘drivers’ as well as ‘frequent passengers’, and had a potential to predict responders for immunotherapy and anti-ATR but not anti-ATM treatment. On the other hand, we were interested in functional effects of FGFR3 activation in BCa. We provided the first in vivo evidence that FGFR3 S249C mutation conferred potency to BCa transformation using a transgenic mice model. This process was associated with increased genome instability, MYC activation and enhanced angiogenesis probably mediated by hypoxia-inducing factor (HIF1A). Further, we tried to characterize FGFR3-driven regulatory network through mass spectrometry based proteomic data generated in a BCa cell line bearing FGFR3 S249C mutation – UMUC14. As expected, several well-known FGFR3 regulated signaling pathways could be identified. Of note, we also highlighted some novel signaling cascades that may be relevant to FGFR3 activation, including a FGFR3/HIF1A/angiogenesis signaling axis that we validated in several in vitro and in vivo BCa models.

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