Submitted by Neusa Fagundes (neusa.fagundes@unioeste.br) on 2017-09-21T12:52:43Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Lidimara_Suzin2016.pdf: 1101642 bytes, checksum: a43f9b48b9bb8608223b37075c7f37e1 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-21T12:52:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Lidimara_Suzin2016.pdf: 1101642 bytes, checksum: a43f9b48b9bb8608223b37075c7f37e1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-10-21 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The swine production is one of the most important livestock activities in Brazil. On the other hand, it is also the main responsible for environmental impacts, which grow fast due to the high demand for animal protein. Thus, there is an increase on production concentration in smaller areas, which generates a large volume of manure with high concentration of nutrients, specially phosphorus and nitrogen. When the production of these effluents surpasses local demand to be used as fertilizers, if there are not well handled and treated, it may pose a threat to natural resources, to human and animal health. Furthermore, studies have already suggested a depletion of phosphorus sources, therefore, new strategies are needed for this nutrient recovery and reuse. Based on this context, in order to mitigate the two major issues involving phosphorus, the processes for its removal from swine wastewater have been widely studied. Chemical precipitation has gained greater attention due to its low cost, high efficiency and process speed. However, its application must be evaluated with regard to aspects involving the influence of effluent quality on the process and system efficiency in large scale. In this context, the present study aimed at evaluating the chemical removal of phosphorus from swine effluents treated by different nitrogen removal processes, using hydrated lime (Ca(OH)2) as a calcium source to precipitate Ca3(PO4)2 in bench scale and full-scale application. / A suinocultura é uma das atividades da cadeia pecuária com maior expressão no Brasil. No entanto, é apontada como uma das principais responsáveis por impactos ambientais, que ganham escala devido à crescente demanda por proteína animal. Assim, há um aumento na concentração da produção em áreas menores, logo é produzido grande volume de dejetos com elevada concentração de nutrientes, principalmente fósforo e nitrogênio. Quando a produção desses efluentes excede a demanda local para uso como fertilizantes, se não manejados e tratados de forma correta, podem representar uma ameaça aos recursos naturais, à saúde animal e humana. Além disso, estudos apontam para um esgotamento das fontes de fósforo, portanto, são necessárias novas estratégias para recuperação e reutilização desse nutriente. Dentro deste contexto, com o intuito de mitigar os dois principais problemas que envolvem o fósforo, os processos para a remoção do mesmo de efluentes suinícolas têm sido amplamente estudados. A precipitação química tem ganhado maior atenção devido ao baixo custo, à elevada eficiência e rapidez do processo. Contudo, sua aplicação precisa ser avaliada em relação aos aspectos que envolvem a influência da qualidade do efluente sobre a eficiência do processo e a aplicação do sistema em maior escala. Diante disso, o presente estudo avaliou a remoção química do fósforo de águas residuárias da suinocultura pré-tratadas por diferentes processos biológicos, com o emprego de cal hidratada (Ca(OH)2) como fonte de cálcio para precipitação de Ca3(PO4)2, em escala de bancada e a aplicação em escala real.

Conserving the environment is an issue that is gaining popularity day by day. Phosphorus transfer from agricultural soils is an important environmental issue that is being closely observed as the transport of phosphorous to water bodies is adversely affecting water quality due to accelerated eutrophication. It is important to establish phosphorous models that accurately account for soil test phosphorous. Standard models like SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) and EPIC (Environmental Policy Integrated Climate) were designed for serving this purpose. They are now used as the basis for developing new models that can more accurately account for the phosphorus transport, depending on local soil conditions and external factors like climate, addition of biochar or other soil amendments. Our research involved development of new methods from published data that are applied to different soils from Kentucky that are incubated for various time periods, with and without the addition of biochar amendments. Changes in the soil labile phosphorus content after phosphorus addition to and depletion from these incubated soils was measured to discern the effect of biochar on the rates of phosphorus transport. The measured labile phosphorus was further analyzed using statistical analysis software drawing comparisons among treatments without biochar, with low temperature biochar and high temperature biochar for specific soil-biochar combinations. Loamy sand soils with both pine chips and switch grass biochar types have shown slightly increased leeching of phosphorus upon addition of biochar whereas clay loam soils have not shown any significant change upon addition of biochar.