by Wai Leung. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1994. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 148-150). / Chapter 1. --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1. --- Image Selection/Segmentation --- p.3 / Chapter 1.2. --- Background Image Generation --- p.5 / Chapter 1.3. --- Thesis Organisation --- p.6 / Chapter 2. --- Fundamentals of Digital Image Segmentation --- p.7 / Chapter 2.1. --- Edge-based Segmentation methods --- p.7 / Chapter 2.1.1. --- Edge detection --- p.7 / Chapter 2.1.1.1. --- Gradient operators --- p.9 / Chapter 2.1.1.2. --- Compass operators --- p.10 / Chapter 2.1.1.3. --- Laplace operators and zero crossings --- p.10 / Chapter 2.1.1.4. --- Stochastic gradients --- p.11 / Chapter 2.1.1.5. --- Optimal edge detectors --- p.12 / Chapter 2.1.2. --- Boundary extraction --- p.13 / Chapter 2.1.2.1. --- Contour following --- p.13 / Chapter 2.1.2.2. --- Heuristic graph searching --- p.14 / Chapter 2.1.2.3. --- Dynamic programming --- p.14 / Chapter 2.2. --- Region-based Segmentation Methods --- p.15 / Chapter 2.2.1. --- Thresholding --- p.15 / Chapter 2.2.2. --- Region growing --- p.16 / Chapter 2.2.3. --- Region splitting and merging --- p.17 / Chapter 2.2.4. --- Texture segmentation --- p.19 / Chapter 2.2.4.1. --- Spectral approaches --- p.19 / Chapter 2.2.4.2. --- Statistical methods --- p.21 / Chapter 2.3. --- Works on Colour Image Segmentation --- p.23 / Chapter 3. --- Current Selection Tools for Image Retouching --- p.24 / Chapter 3.1. --- Selection by Region Growing --- p.24 / Chapter 3.2. --- Selection by Edge Finding --- p.26 / Chapter 3.3. --- Some Conclusions --- p.27 / Chapter 4. --- A New Segmentation Tool for Image Retouching --- p.28 / Chapter 4.1. --- Requirement and Development Strategy of the Selection Tool --- p.28 / Chapter 4.2. --- Basic Assumptions --- p.29 / Chapter 4.3. --- Algorithm of the Image Selector --- p.30 / Chapter 4.3.1. --- Boundary representation --- p.30 / Chapter 4.3.2. --- Colour edge detection --- p.31 / Chapter 4.3.2.1. --- Colour gradient --- p.31 / Chapter 4.3.2.2. --- Edge detector --- p.32 / Chapter 4.4. --- Boundary Searching --- p.34 / Chapter 4.4.1. --- The searching algorithm - A* --- p.35 / Chapter 4.4.2. --- The cost function and heuristic for A* algorithm --- p.37 / Chapter 4.4.2.1. --- Pixel cost formulation --- p.38 / Chapter A. --- The reference dependent function y --- p.39 / Chapter 1. --- The three similarity functions --- p.42 / Chapter 2. --- The similarity thresholds --- p.44 / Chapter 3. --- The n-reference dependent function --- p.45 / Chapter B. --- The reference independent function f --- p.46 / Chapter C. --- The actual pixel cost function W --- p.46 / Chapter 4.4.2.2. --- The heuristic function h --- p.47 / Chapter 4.5. --- Implementation --- p.48 / Chapter 4.5.1. --- Work-flow of the image selection tool --- p.48 / Chapter 4.5.2. --- Implementation of the user-input stage --- p.51 / Chapter 4.5.3. --- Implementation of the boundary searching phase --- p.54 / Chapter 4.5.3.1. --- OPEN and CLOSE lists --- p.56 / Chapter 4.5.3.2. --- Tracing back searching path --- p.57 / Chapter 4.5.3.3. --- Edge map --- p.58 / Chapter 4.5.3.4. --- Cost calculation --- p.59 / Chapter 4.5.4. --- Implementation of the boundary connection phase --- p.61 / Chapter 4.6. --- Experiments and Results --- p.63 / Chapter 4.6.1. --- Features exploration --- p.63 / Chapter 4.6.1.1. --- Cost function of the boundary tracer --- p.63 / Chapter 4.6.1.2. --- Reference sensitivity --- p.73 / Chapter 4.6.1.3. --- Boundary connection --- p.75 / Chapter 4.6.2. --- Comparison with current image selection tools --- p.76 / Chapter 4.7. --- Discussion --- p.87 / Chapter 4.8. --- Further Improvement --- p.91 / Chapter 4.8.1. --- A* algorithm --- p.91 / Chapter 4.8.2. --- Colour space --- p.92 / Chapter 4.8.3. --- Improvement in processing speed and quality --- p.93 / Chapter 5. --- Background Image Generation by Image Interpolation --- p.95 / Chapter 5.1. --- Current Filling Tools for Background Image Generation --- p.96 / Chapter 5.1.1. --- The Stamp tool --- p.96 / Chapter 5.1.2. --- The Gradient Fill tool --- p.96 / Chapter 5.2. --- Possible Approaches --- p.98 / Chapter 5.2.1. --- Surface Approximation --- p.98 / Chapter 5.2.2. --- Region Growing and Filling --- p.99 / Chapter 5.3. --- A New Image Interpolation Tool --- p.101 / Chapter 5.3.1. --- Problem analysis and requirement specifications --- p.101 / Chapter 5.3.2. --- The interpolation strategy --- p.103 / Chapter 5.3.3. --- Process overview of the image interpolation --- p.107 / Chapter 5.3.4. --- Data representation --- p.108 / Chapter 5.3.5. --- Implementation --- p.110 / Chapter 5.3.5.1. --- User-input - the first stage --- p.110 / Chapter 5.3.5.2. --- Interpolation preparation - the second stage --- p.112 / Chapter A. --- Boundary list rearrangement --- p.113 / Chapter B. --- Boundary parameterisation --- p.114 / Chapter C. --- Area marking --- p.114 / Chapter D. --- Colour pattern preparation --- p.115 / Chapter 5.3.5.3. --- Interpolation - the third stage --- p.118 / Chapter A. --- Filling curve generation --- p.119 / Chapter 1. --- Linear filling curve generation --- p.119 / Chapter 2. --- Non-linear filling curve generation --- p.120 / Chapter B. --- Colour pattern interpolation --- p.125 / Chapter 5.3.5.4. --- Post-filling - the fourth stage --- p.127 / Chapter 5.3.5.5. --- A working example --- p.128 / Chapter 5.3.6. --- Results --- p.130 / Chapter 5.3.7. --- Discussion --- p.140 / Chapter 5.3.8. --- Limitations and future improvement --- p.141 / Chapter 6. --- Conclusions --- p.144 / Appendix --- p.147 / References --- p.148

There is no abstract available for this thesis. / Department of Journalism