Die vorliegende Dissertation untersucht fünf unterschiedliche Moleküle hinsichtlich ihrer Geometrien im Grund- und angeregten Zustand sowie deren Dynamik nach elektronischer Anregung. Der Fokus liegt dabei unter anderem auf Pi-konjugierten Systemen, die über eine zusätzliche aliphatische Einheit verbrückt (Paracyclophan- Derivate) oder erweitert (Pyracen) sind. Die Paracyclophan-Derivate sind ein ideales Modellsystem um Einsicht in Pi-Pi-Wechselwirkungen zu erlangen. Ein weiterer Schwerpunkt dieser Arbeit beschreibt die Dynamik des resonanzstabilisierten 2-Methylallyl-Radikals. Die Forschung an solchen kleinen Kohlenwasserstoff-Radikalen ist wichtig, da auf deren Grundlage Modelle entwickelt werden können, die zum Beispiel helfen, den Verbrennungsprozess aufzuklären. Aufgrund ihrer Instabilität sind solche kleinen Kohlenwasserstoff-Radikale nicht einfach zu handhaben und das spektroskopische Vermessen stellt immer eine Herausforderung dar. / This dissertation examines five different molecules with respect to their geometries in the ground and excited states and their dynamics after electronic excitation. The focus is on pi-conjugated systems, bridged (paracyclophane derivatives) or Extended (pyracen) by an additional aliphatic moiety. Paracyclophanes are suitable models to study the interaction between pi-systems, in particular the through space coupling. Moreover, this work focuses on the excited-state dynamics of the B-state of 2-methylallyl (2MA) by time-resolved photoionization with a ps-laser. Research on resonantly stabilized small radicals such as allyl or methylallyl is not only conducted because of a fundamental interest in reaction dynamics, but also because such radicals can accumulate in a reactive environment and are observed in combustion. Studies on isolated radicals yield information on their reactions, which are important in kinetic modeling of combustion processes. For example, biodiesel often contains molecules with C=C double bonds (e.g. fatty acid esters). Abstraction of H-atoms leads to alkylated allyl radicals, because the C-H bonds at the allylic sites are particularly weak. Due to their instability, such small hydrocarbon radicals are not easy to handle and their spectroscopic measurement is always a challenge. An innovation in my research was the development of a high-temperature gas cell to transfer the molecules into the gas phase and to record IR-spectra (compatible with an FT-IR spectrometer), obtaining experimental information on the most stable conformer in the electronic ground state.

Thèse de doctorat : Spectrochimie Analytique : Evry-Val d'Essonne : 2008. / Titre provenant de l'écran-titre.

No description available.

Würzburg, University, Diss., 2006.

Universiẗat, Diss., 2000--Freiburg.

Techn. Universiẗat, Diss., 2002--Dresden.

Universiẗat, Diss., 2005--Frankfurt (Main).

This thesis investigates the impact of photoionisation on gas clouds of various scales in our Galaxy. On kiloparsec scales, the origin of the diffuse ionised gas (DIG) has been studied using Monte Carlo photoionisation simulations in static simulations of the interstellar medium (ISM). Low density pathways through the gas allow photons to propagate, producing the DIG. The emission in this gas indicates that the temperature increases as the density of the gas decreases, suggesting a heating mechanism in the gas that dominates over photoionisation. This has been investigated with the inclusion of an approximation to cosmic ray heating, which is able to reproduce the observed line ratios of [NII]/Hα and [SII]/Hα. It has been suggested that the Hα emission in this gas may not be a result of in situ emission, rather, it results from dust scattering of Hα photons from HII regions. Dust scattering simulations find that 20% of the Hα intensity observed in the diffuse gas is a result of scattering, leaving in situ ionisation as the primary producer of the DIG. The dynamical impact of photoionisation in small-scale gas clouds, as well as larger scale diffuse gas, is now recognised as important in our understanding of star forming regions. A new code has been developed using a combination of hydrodynamical and Monte Carlo photoionisation methods. Tests of the validity of this code are presented, showing that this method accurately reproduces benchmark tests. This method has been used to investigate the lifecycle and x-ray observations of ultra-compact HII (UCHII) regions with the inclusion of stellar wind and photoionisation feedback. These simulations find that x-ray emission is not produced in high enough intensity to be observed until after the UCHII phase, when stellar winds begin to drive the expansion.

Dans cette thèse nous avons étudié l’Acetyle cyanide (H3CCOCN noté AC), une molécule d’intérêt astrochimique. Nous avons présenté les résultats des mesures effectuées au Schncrotron SOLEIL où nous avons mesuré les spectres des photoélectrons, des photoions en coïncidence (PEPICO). Afin d’interpréter ces spectres, ces mesures ont été suivies part des calculs ab-initio tres sophistiqués.De plus, nous avons exploré les surfaces d’énergie potentielle (SEPs) de l'acétyl-cyanide et de son cation en utilisant les méthodes standard CCSD(T) et celles explicitement corréllées CCSD(T)-F12 et des méthodes plus précises comme la méthode CCSD(T)/CBS+CV. Un ensemble de paramètres spectroscopiques précis (de vibrations et de rotations) est calculé. Les calculs effecués incluaient les tautomères énoliques qui peuvaient être formés à des énergies d'excitation couvertes étudiées dans cette thèse. Nous avons déduit les rapports de branchement des trois ions qui peuvaient être formés (H3CCOCN+, H3CCO+ et H2CCO+) en fonction de l'énergie d'excitation du photon.Cette étude nous a permis de déduire des données spectroscopiques de haute résolution qui sont indispensables pour une interprétation des observations astrophysiques . Nos calculs ont montré que la décomposition unimoléulaire de H3CCOCN+ se est très complexe / In this thesis we studied the acetyl cyanide molecule (H3CCOCN denoted AC) given the astrochemistry interest. We presented the results of measurements performed in the Synchrotron SOLEIL where we measured the photoelectron photoion coincidence (PEPICO) spectra and the SPES spectra. We also performed very sophisticated ab initio calculations in order to assign these spectra.In addition, we explored the potential energy surface (PES) of acetyl cyanide and its cation using standard (CCSD(T)) and explicitly correlated (CCSD(T)-F12) methods and more precise methods as CCSD(T)/CBS+CV. A set of specific spectroscopic parameters (vibration and rotation) was also calculated. The performed calculations included enolic tautomers which can be formed within the covered excitation energies used studied in this thesis. We deduce the branching ratios for the ions which can be formed (H3CCOCN+, H3CCO+ and H2CCO+) as a function of the photon excitation energy.This study allowed us to provide deduce a high resolution spectroscopic data which are essential for the interpretation of astrophysical observations. Our calculations reveal unimolecular decomposition H3CCOCN+ is very complex

No description available.