Submitted by Amauri Alves (amauri.alves@ufv.br) on 2015-11-06T15:09:46Z No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 1306620 bytes, checksum: ce04508d708e591969f47ffa993a3986 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-11-06T15:09:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 1306620 bytes, checksum: ce04508d708e591969f47ffa993a3986 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-20 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Dentre os insetos-praga, Liriomyza huidobrensis (Burgess) (Diptera: Agromyzidae) e Phthorimaea operculella (Zell) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) causam sérios prejuízos a Solanum tuberosum. No entanto, não existe um sistema de tomada de decisão para o controle destes minadores. Assim, objetivou-se com este trabalho determinar unidade amostral, número de amostras e os níveis de dano econômico e de controle para L. huidobrensis e P. operculella na cultura da batata. O experimento foi conduzido em lavouras de batata da variedade Ágata na região do Alto Paranaíba, Minas Gerais. Avaliou-se o número de minas em cada folha da planta para determinar a unidade amostral. Calcularam-se as variâncias relativas das unidades amostrais. Posteriormente, determinou-se o número de amostras, nível de dano econômico (NDE) e de controle (NC). Portanto, a unidade amostral que melhor representa a variabilidade e o número total de minas foi a folha 6, 7 e 8 para L. huidobrensis e P. operculella, respectivamente. O número de amostras necessárias para a amostragem destas pragas foi 1 amostra/ha. O NDE (NC) para o manejo de mosca minadora e traça-da-batata foi de 0,07 (0,05). Palavras-chave: Índices de tomada de decisão, Liriomyza huidobrensis, número de amostras, Phthorimaea operculella. / Among the insect pests, Liriomyza huidobrensis (Burgess) (Diptera: Agromyzidae) and Phthorimaea operculella (Zell) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) cause serious damage to Solanum tuberosum. However, there is no decision-making system for the control of these leafminers. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine sampling unit, number of samples and the economic injury level and threshold for L. huidobrensis and P. operculella of potato. The experiment was conducted in potato crops Agata variety in the Alto Paranaíba region, Minas Gerais. We evaluated the number of mines in each leaf of the plant to determine the sampling unit. Calculated the variances for the sample units. Subsequently, we determined the number of samples, economic injury level (EIL) and threshold (TL). Therefore, the sample unit that best represents the variability and the total number of mines was the leaf 6, 7 and 8 to L. huidobrensis and P. operculella, respectively. The number of samples required for sampling of these pests sample was 1 / ha. The EIL (TL) for the management of leafminer and moth potato was 0.07 (0.05). Keywords: Decision-making indices, Liriomyza huidobrensis, number of samples, Phthorimaea operculella.

Tesis entregada a la Universidad de Chile en cumplimiento parcial de los requisitos para optar al grado de Magíster en Ciencias Biológicas. / La capacidad de percibir y responder a los estímulos físicos, tales como las señales vibracionales (SV), es fundamental para la supervivencia de los seres vivos. El rol de los sentidos y la comunicación animal han sido ampliamente estudiados; sin embargo, en las plantas esta área de investigación se encuentra en una etapa temprana de desarrollo y se necesitan estudios más completos para comprender la ecología de las SV en las plantas, y especialmente para evaluar su importancia adaptativa. Estudiamos si las plantas de tabaco (Nicotiana tabacum) pueden responder químicamente a SV producidas por orugas de la polilla de la papa (Phthorimaea operculella), si la respuesta varía entre orugas y SV, y si esta respuesta implica costos en términos de producción foliar (número de hojas) para la planta. Las plantas de tabaco fueron expuestas a una oruga o al playback (reproducción) de SV de una oruga y luego se cuantificaron las defensas químicas inducidas (alcaloides) mediante cromatografía de gases acoplada a espectrometría de masas (GC-MS). Los niveles de nicotina fueron similares en las plantas de los tratamientos oruga y playback y en ambas más altos que en las plantas control. Esto indica que, al menos para el tabaco, el estímulo vibratorio de una oruga alimentándose es suficiente para producir una respuesta química similar a la provocada por toda la oruga. La producción foliar no difirió entre los tratamientos, probablemente porque las plantas no tenían un recurso limitante en las condiciones de crianza. Este estudio incrementa la comprensión actual sobre la comunicación y las capacidades sensoriales de las plantas, enfatizando el valor adaptativo de las SV para estos organismos y aumenta la comprensión de la comunicación vibracional entre insectos y plantas. / The ability to perceive and respond to physical stimuli, such as vibrational signals (VS), is critical for the survival of living beings. The role of senses and communication in animals has been widely studied; however, in plants this research area is at an early stage of development and more comprehensive studies are needed to understand the ecology of VS in plants, and especially to evaluate their adaptive importance. We studied whether tobacco plants (Nicotiana tabacum) can chemically respond to VS produced by caterpillars of the potato moth (Phthorimaea operculella), whether the response varies between feeding caterpillars and only VS, and whether this response involves costs in terms of leaf production (number of leaves) for the plant. Tobacco plants were exposed to either a caterpillar or to the playback of the VS produced by a caterpillar and then chemical induced defenses (alkaloids) were quantified by gas chromatography – mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Nicotine levels were similar in plants of the caterpillar and playback treatments and in both higher than in control plants. This indicates that at least for tobacco, the vibrational stimulus of a chewing caterpillar is sufficient to produce a chemical response similar to that provoked by the whole caterpillar. Leaf production did not differ between treatments, probably because plants did not have a limiting resource in the rearing conditions. This study adds to the current understanding of the communication and sensory abilities of plants, by emphasizing the adaptive value of VS to these organisms and adds to the understanding of insectplant vibrational communication. / Red Latinoamericana para la Investigación en Compuestos Naturales Bioactivos (LANBIO) y Fundación Guillermo Puelma. / Diciembre 2019

Memoria para optar al Título Profesional de Ingeniero Agrónomo Mención: Sanidad Vegetal