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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Tipizacija Humanih papiloma virusa (HPV) i molekularne varijante identifikovanih tipova / Typing of Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) and molecular variants of identified types

Kovačević Gordana 11 July 2016 (has links)
<p><strong><em>Uvod:</em></strong>&nbsp; U novije vreme sve veći broj studija sugeri&scaron;e da se genotipske varijante humanih papiloma virusa (HPV),&nbsp; uprkos filogentskoj srodnosti, mogu razlikovati u patogenosti i&nbsp; različito doprineti razvoju cervikalnih neoplazija.&nbsp; Cilj ovog rada je bio da se defini&scaron;e zastupljenost različitih onkogenih tipova HPV kod ispitanica sa područja Južnobačkog okruga (AP&nbsp; Vojvodina) i&nbsp; odredi genotipska varijabilnost najprevalentnijih genotipova HPV, analizom DNK sekvenci i RFLP metodom.</p><p><strong><em>Materijal i metode:</em></strong>&nbsp; Istraživanje je sprovedeno u periodu od januara 2014. do novembra 2015.&nbsp;godine. Studija je obuhvatila 564 osobe ženskog pola, starosti od 18 do 69 godina. Genotipizacija 12 visokorizičnih tipova HPV izvr&scaron;ena je upotrebom komercijalnog kita&nbsp; HPV High Risk Typing Real-TM (Sacace Biotechnologies, Italy, CE, IVD). Automatsko&nbsp;sekvenciranje amplifikovanih fragmenata L1 gena HPV rađeno je na automatskom sekvenatoru ABI Prism BigDye 3.1 (PE Applied Biosystems, Foster, CA, SAD).&nbsp; Bioinformatičkom analizom utvrđene su genetičke distance i filogenetski odnosi HPV izolata dobijenih u AP Vojvodini u odnosu na izolate iz drugih geografskih područja za tipove: 16, 18, 31 i 33.&nbsp; PCR-RFLP metodom ispitivana je heterogenost unutar HPV tipa 51, na nivou E1, L1 i L2 gena 11 odabranih HPV DNK pozitivnih izolata, primenom restrikcionih enima DraI, TaqI i PstI.</p><p><em><strong>Rezultati</strong></em>:&nbsp; Prevalencija HPV infekcije kod&nbsp; testiranih žena je iznosila 51,8%. Učestalost različitih tipova vema je varirala, pri čemu su&nbsp; najprevalentniji bili: HPV16 (34,5%); HPV 31 (20,5%); HPV 51 (13%); HPV33 (11,6%); HPV52 (11%) i HPV18&nbsp; (11%). HPV tipovi&nbsp; 16&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; i 33 su&nbsp; najče&scaron;će dijagnostikovani u starosnoj grupi od 31-40 godina&nbsp; (25,5%&nbsp; i&nbsp; 6,21%), dok su&nbsp; HPV18 (8,16%), HPV31 (7,04%&nbsp; )&nbsp; i HPV51 (12,3%) &nbsp;najče&scaron;će dokazani kod žena mlađih od 30 godina.&nbsp; Određene&nbsp; su&nbsp; genetičke distance&nbsp; i filogenetski&nbsp; odnosi&nbsp; u&nbsp; okviru&nbsp; populacije&nbsp; izolata&nbsp; iz Južnobačkog&nbsp; okruga,&nbsp; AP Vojvodine,&nbsp; u&nbsp; odnosu&nbsp; na druge&nbsp; izolate&nbsp; čije&nbsp; su&nbsp; genomske&nbsp; sekvence dostupne&nbsp;u&nbsp; GenBank&nbsp; bazi&nbsp; podataka.&nbsp; Filogenetska analiza nukleotidnih sekvenci HPV tipa 16 je potvrdila da se najveći broj izolata iz područja AP Vojvodine grupi&scaron;e u liniju A, (podlinije A3 i A4 ) dok se jedan izolat izdvojio u liniju D (podlinija D1). Tri izolata HPV tipa 18 su grupisana&nbsp; u liniju A, a dva izolata kao posebna grupa. Utvrđeno&nbsp; je&nbsp; da genotipske varijante&nbsp; HPV 31 iz na&scaron;eg područja&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; pripadaju linijama A, B i C. Izolati HPV tipa 33 pripadali su liniji A (podlinije&nbsp; A1 i A2). Dobijene nukleotidne distance su pokazale da je razlika između analiziranih i referentnih sekvenci manja od 2%, &scaron;to&nbsp;potvrđuje sličnost na nivou varijante.&nbsp; Na osnovu PCR-RFLP analize u odabranim&nbsp; DNK pozitivnim na HPV tip 51, restrikcionom analizom PCR produkata na nivou&nbsp; L1, L2 i E1 gena, utvrđeno je da su prisutni samo genotipovi &nbsp;koji odgovaraju liniji A sa podlinijom A1.</p><p><strong><em>Zaključak</em></strong>:&nbsp; Rezultati studije predstavljaju prve dostupne&nbsp; podatke o rasprostranjenosti 12 visokorizičnih tipova HPV, kao i podatke o genomskoj&nbsp; arijabilnosti i filogenetskoj srodnosti najprevalentnijih HPV tipova kod žena sa&nbsp; područja Južnobačkog okruga.&nbsp; Najprevalentniji&nbsp; HPV&nbsp; tipovi na&scaron;eg regiona su&nbsp; pokazali usklađenost sa evropskim izolatima, ali su nađene i ne-evropske varijante.&nbsp;Nizak procenat genetičkih distanci u okviru istog HPV tipa je u skladu sa niskom stopom mutacija kod ovih virusa.&nbsp; Iako se u dana&scaron;nje vreme RFLP metoda primenjuje u manjoj meri zbog uspona tehnologija sekvenciranja DNK, ova tehnika se može koristiti kao brza i jeftinija metoda&nbsp; za određivanje pojedinih linija ovih virusa.&nbsp; S obzirom da je&nbsp; u&nbsp; većini kliničkih laboratorija sekvenciranje DNK nedostupno,razvijena metoda se može koristiti za diferenciranje dve glavne linije HPV tipa 51, koje imaju različit onkogeni potencijal. Rezultati predstavljaju izuzetan doprinos epidemiolo&scaron;koj proceni realnih potreba uvođenja rutinske&nbsp; imunizacije protiv &nbsp;visokoprevalentnih genotipova prisutnih u prekanceroznim promena na grliću materice inficiranih žena sa na&scaron;eg područja. Tipizacija&nbsp; HPV virusa primenjenim metodama može biti od velike koristi u ranom otkrivanju maligne transformacije&nbsp;inficiranih ćelija i prevenciji karcinoma grlića materice.</p> / <p><strong><em>Introduction:</em></strong>&nbsp;In recent times increasing number of researches suggests that&nbsp; genotypic variants of human papillomavirus (HPV), in spite of phylogenic relations, could differ in virulence and contribute the development of cervical neoplasia. The aim of this work was to define the partition of different oncogenic HPV types in examined women from the area of Juznobacka&nbsp; district (AP Vojvodina) and to determine genotypic variability of the most prevalent HPV genotypes, by DNA sequences&rsquo; analysis and RFLP method.</p><p><strong><em>Material and methods:</em></strong>&nbsp;The research was&nbsp;conducted in period from January 2014 till November 2015. Study included 564 female persons, age from 18 to 69. The genotypization of 12 high-risk HPV types was performed with use of commercial kit HPV High Risk Typing Real-TM (Sacace Biotechnologies, Italy, CE, IVD). The automatic sequencing of amplified fragments of L1 HPV gene was performed on automatic sequencer ABI Prism BigDye 3.1&nbsp; (PE Applied Biosystems,Foster, CA, USA). By bioinformatic analysis genetic distances, as well as phylogenic relations of HPV isolates in AP&nbsp; Vojvodina were determined in relation with isolates from other regions for types 16,18, 31 and 33. By PCR-RFLP, the&nbsp; heterogeneity within HPV type 51, at the level of E1, L1 and L2 genes 11 selected HPV DNA positive isolates, by use of restriction enzymes DraI, TaqI and PstI.</p><p><strong><em>Results:</em></strong>&nbsp;The prevalence of HPV infection in tested women was 51,8%. The&nbsp; frequency of different types varied considerably, where the most prevalent types were: HPV16 (34,5%); HPV 31 (20,5%); HPV 51 (13%); HPV33 (11,6%); HPV52 (11%) and&nbsp; HPV18 (11%). The HPV types 16 and 33 are diagnosed the most in age group from 31-40 (25,5% and 6,21%), while HPV 18 (8,16%), HPV31 (7,04% ) and HPV51 (12,3%) are the most diagnosed in women younger than 30. The genetic distances and phylogenic relations within samples from population of Južnobacka region, AP Vojvodina,&nbsp; are determined in relation to other samples whose genomic sequences are available in&nbsp; GenBank&nbsp; data base. Phylogenetic analysis of nucleotide sequences&nbsp; of HPV 16 confirmed that the most of isolates from the area of AP Vojvodina are grouped in line A (sublines A3 and A4), while one isolate separated to the line D (subline D1). Three isolates of HPV type 18 are grouped in line A, and two&nbsp; isolates grouped as separate&nbsp; group. It was confirmed that genotypic variants of HPV&nbsp; 31 from our region belong to lines A, B and C. Isolates of HPV type 33 belonged to line A&nbsp; (sublines A1 and A2). Gained nucleotide distances showed that difference between analyzed and referent sequences is lower than 2%, which confirme the similarity at the level of variant.&nbsp; Based on PCR-RFLP analysis in selected DNA of persons positive on HPV type 51, by restriction analysis of PCR products on the level of L1, L2&nbsp; and E1 genes, it is confirmed that only genotypes that correspond to line A, subline&nbsp; A1 are present .</p><p><strong><em>Conclusions:</em></strong>&nbsp; The results of study present the first available data on abundance of 12 &nbsp;high-risk types, as well as data on genomic variability and phylogenic relations of the most prevalent HPV types in females from the Juznobacka region.&nbsp; The most prevalent HPV types of our region showed concordance with European isolates, but non-european variants were also found. Low percentage of genetic distances within the same HPV type is in concordance with low mutation rate of these viruses.&nbsp; Although today RFLP method is applied at lower scale because of rise of DNA&nbsp; technologies,this technique could be used as fast and efficient method for determination of particular lines of these viruses. Regarding that DNA sequencing is unavailable&nbsp; to the most of clinical laboratories,developed technique could be used for discrimination of two main lines of HPV type 51 that have different oncogenic &nbsp;potential. The results present considerable contribution to the epidemiological assessment of real needs for implementation of routine immunization against the high prevalent genotypes, present in precancerous alterations on the cervix of infected women from our area. Typization of HPV viruses by applied methods could be of great&nbsp; benefit in early detection&nbsp; of malignant transformations of infected cells and prevention of cancer of cervix.</p>
2

Investigação sobre a diversidade microbiana e a filogenia de arquéias e bactérias em consórcios anaeróbios metanogênicos, originados de sedimentos estuarinos enriquecidos com clorofenóis / Investigation on the microbial diversity and phylogeny of archaea and bacteria in anaerobic methanogenic consortium from enriched estuarine sediments with pentachlorophenol (PCP) and 2,6-dichlorophenol (2,6-DCP)

Domingues, Mercia Regina 12 November 2007 (has links)
Este trabalho investigou a diversidade microbiana e a filogenia de arquéias e bactérias em consórcios anaeróbios metanogênicos, originados de sedimentos estuarinos enriquecidos com pentaclorofenol (PCP) e 2,6-diclorofenol (2,6-DCP). Para tanto foram construídas bibliotecas genômicas e utilizados métodos moleculares independentes de cultivo como a Eletroforese em Gel de Gradiente Desnaturante (DGGE) e o seqüenciamento de segmentos específicos do DNAr 16S microbiano. Os resultados da DGGE permitiram verificar alterações na estrutura das comunidades microbianas, as quais provavelmente ocorreram devido às adversidades ocorridas nos sistemas durante o período de incubação como a entrada de oxigênio nos frascos e o acúmulo de compostos clorados no meio de cultivo, principalmente o 2,6-DCP. A estimativa da diversidade beta, realizada pela comparação dos padrões de bandas da DGGE, também permitiu inferir que as alterações nas composições das comunidades de arquéias e bactérias foram devidas às duas estratégias empregadas para o enriquecimento da microbiota autóctone do estuário estudado, ou seja, a pasteurização/não pasteurização das amostras de sedimentos estuarinos. Os resultados das análises filogenéticas revelaram que as seqüências analisadas dos clones bacterianos foram relacionadas ao grupo das bactérias Gram-positivas com baixo conteúdo de G+C pertencentes à Ordem Clostridiales (100%) do Filo Firmicutes e as das arquéias relacionadas ao grupo das metanogênicas pertencentes às Ordens Methanobacteriales (7,1%), Methanosarcinales (14,3%), Methanomicrobiales (57,1%) e arquéias não identificadas (21,4%) do Filo Euryarchaeota. Em relação às bactérias, alguns clones foram identificados como pertencentes aos gêneros Sedimentibacter, Clostridium e Alkalibacter, os quais são representados por microrganismos que apresentam metabolismo fermentativo e requerem a presença de extrato de levedura para o crescimento. Provavelmente as bactérias analisadas neste trabalho fermentaram a glicose e o piruvato, os quais foram utilizados como doadores de elétrons, com conseqüente produção de lactato, etanol, butirato, acetato, formiato e hidrogênio/gás carbônico, que podem ter sido utilizados por outros grupos de microrganismos no processo global da digestão anaeróbia. Tais bactérias foram importantes para o processo global de degradação dos clorofenóis, pois também utilizaram como doadores de elétrons os produtos parcialmente degradados por outras bactérias fazendo com que não houvesse acúmulo desses compostos no sistema. Enquanto que algumas arquéias foram relacionadas a organismos hidrogenotróficos pertencentes aos gêneros Methanoculleus e Methanocalculus, Methanobacterium, e acetotróficos do gênero Methanosaeta, as quais utilizaram como substratos para a metanogênese os subprodutos da fermentação bacteriana, ou seja, o \'H IND.2\'/\'CO IND.2\', o formiato e o acetato, contribuindo assim para a manutenção do equilíbrio das demais reações ocorridas no sistema. Desta forma, os dados obtidos neste trabalho poderão auxiliar na compreensão do funcionamento de ecossistemas contaminados por compostos clorados, bem como contribuir para o desenvolvimento de novos processos biotecnológicos aplicados aos problemas ambientais. / This work aimed to investigate microbial diversity and phylogeny of archaea and bacteria microrganisms methanogenic in estuarine sediment samples enriched with organic sources under methanogenic and halophlic conditions. The samples were obtained from previous study on anaerobic degradation of pentachlorophenol (PCP) and 2,6-dichlorophenol (2,6-DCP). Microbial studies were done by the molecular methods without cultivation requirement, Denaturing Gradient Del Electrophoresis (DGGE) and specific segments of 16S rDNA sequencing. DGGE-profile showed structure changes in microbial community. Probably, as a consequence of \'O IND.2\' intake and accumulation of chlorinated compounds, mainly 2,6-DCP, in the culture medium. The beta diversity estimation showed that changes in arquaea and bacteria communities probably occurred as a consequence of the two enrichment strategies used for estuarine indigenous microorganisms, pasteurization and non-pasteurization of the estuarine sediments samples. Phylogenetic analysis indicated the presence of gram-positive bacterium with low G+C content related to Clostridiales Order (100%) belonging to Firmicutes Phylum, as well as related to methanogenic archaea from Methanobacteriales (7,1%), Methanosarcinales (14,3%) and Methanomicrobiales (57,1%) Order. Non-identified archaeas from Euryarchaeota Phylum were also found (21,4%). Concerning to bacterias, it was identified clones related to genera Sedimentibacter, Clostridium and Alkalibacter, which have fermentative metabolism and require yeast extract to grow. Probably, bacterial cells analised in this work fermented glucose and pyruvate producing lactate, ethanol, butirate, acetate, formiate and hydrogen/carbon dioxide. All these products could be used for other microbial groups in the global process of anaerobic digestion. The bacterial microorganisms were important to global process of chlorophenol degradation because contributed in the overall process utilizing the products partially degraded by other bacterias and preventing its accumulation in the system. Identified archaeal cells were related to hydrogenotrophs microorganisms of the genera Methanosaeta, Methanoculleus, Methanocalculus and Methanobacterium, which utilized the bacterial fermentation sub-products as acetate, \'H IND.2\'/\'CO IND.2\' and formiate as substrate for the methanogenesis, contributing for the maintenance of the balance of other reactions occurred in the system. The results of this work give advanced knowledge about understanding biotechnological process of contaminated ecosystems by chlorinated compounds. Therefore, it could contribute to development of new biotechnological processes applied to environmental problems.
3

Investigação sobre a diversidade microbiana e a filogenia de arquéias e bactérias em consórcios anaeróbios metanogênicos, originados de sedimentos estuarinos enriquecidos com clorofenóis / Investigation on the microbial diversity and phylogeny of archaea and bacteria in anaerobic methanogenic consortium from enriched estuarine sediments with pentachlorophenol (PCP) and 2,6-dichlorophenol (2,6-DCP)

Mercia Regina Domingues 12 November 2007 (has links)
Este trabalho investigou a diversidade microbiana e a filogenia de arquéias e bactérias em consórcios anaeróbios metanogênicos, originados de sedimentos estuarinos enriquecidos com pentaclorofenol (PCP) e 2,6-diclorofenol (2,6-DCP). Para tanto foram construídas bibliotecas genômicas e utilizados métodos moleculares independentes de cultivo como a Eletroforese em Gel de Gradiente Desnaturante (DGGE) e o seqüenciamento de segmentos específicos do DNAr 16S microbiano. Os resultados da DGGE permitiram verificar alterações na estrutura das comunidades microbianas, as quais provavelmente ocorreram devido às adversidades ocorridas nos sistemas durante o período de incubação como a entrada de oxigênio nos frascos e o acúmulo de compostos clorados no meio de cultivo, principalmente o 2,6-DCP. A estimativa da diversidade beta, realizada pela comparação dos padrões de bandas da DGGE, também permitiu inferir que as alterações nas composições das comunidades de arquéias e bactérias foram devidas às duas estratégias empregadas para o enriquecimento da microbiota autóctone do estuário estudado, ou seja, a pasteurização/não pasteurização das amostras de sedimentos estuarinos. Os resultados das análises filogenéticas revelaram que as seqüências analisadas dos clones bacterianos foram relacionadas ao grupo das bactérias Gram-positivas com baixo conteúdo de G+C pertencentes à Ordem Clostridiales (100%) do Filo Firmicutes e as das arquéias relacionadas ao grupo das metanogênicas pertencentes às Ordens Methanobacteriales (7,1%), Methanosarcinales (14,3%), Methanomicrobiales (57,1%) e arquéias não identificadas (21,4%) do Filo Euryarchaeota. Em relação às bactérias, alguns clones foram identificados como pertencentes aos gêneros Sedimentibacter, Clostridium e Alkalibacter, os quais são representados por microrganismos que apresentam metabolismo fermentativo e requerem a presença de extrato de levedura para o crescimento. Provavelmente as bactérias analisadas neste trabalho fermentaram a glicose e o piruvato, os quais foram utilizados como doadores de elétrons, com conseqüente produção de lactato, etanol, butirato, acetato, formiato e hidrogênio/gás carbônico, que podem ter sido utilizados por outros grupos de microrganismos no processo global da digestão anaeróbia. Tais bactérias foram importantes para o processo global de degradação dos clorofenóis, pois também utilizaram como doadores de elétrons os produtos parcialmente degradados por outras bactérias fazendo com que não houvesse acúmulo desses compostos no sistema. Enquanto que algumas arquéias foram relacionadas a organismos hidrogenotróficos pertencentes aos gêneros Methanoculleus e Methanocalculus, Methanobacterium, e acetotróficos do gênero Methanosaeta, as quais utilizaram como substratos para a metanogênese os subprodutos da fermentação bacteriana, ou seja, o \'H IND.2\'/\'CO IND.2\', o formiato e o acetato, contribuindo assim para a manutenção do equilíbrio das demais reações ocorridas no sistema. Desta forma, os dados obtidos neste trabalho poderão auxiliar na compreensão do funcionamento de ecossistemas contaminados por compostos clorados, bem como contribuir para o desenvolvimento de novos processos biotecnológicos aplicados aos problemas ambientais. / This work aimed to investigate microbial diversity and phylogeny of archaea and bacteria microrganisms methanogenic in estuarine sediment samples enriched with organic sources under methanogenic and halophlic conditions. The samples were obtained from previous study on anaerobic degradation of pentachlorophenol (PCP) and 2,6-dichlorophenol (2,6-DCP). Microbial studies were done by the molecular methods without cultivation requirement, Denaturing Gradient Del Electrophoresis (DGGE) and specific segments of 16S rDNA sequencing. DGGE-profile showed structure changes in microbial community. Probably, as a consequence of \'O IND.2\' intake and accumulation of chlorinated compounds, mainly 2,6-DCP, in the culture medium. The beta diversity estimation showed that changes in arquaea and bacteria communities probably occurred as a consequence of the two enrichment strategies used for estuarine indigenous microorganisms, pasteurization and non-pasteurization of the estuarine sediments samples. Phylogenetic analysis indicated the presence of gram-positive bacterium with low G+C content related to Clostridiales Order (100%) belonging to Firmicutes Phylum, as well as related to methanogenic archaea from Methanobacteriales (7,1%), Methanosarcinales (14,3%) and Methanomicrobiales (57,1%) Order. Non-identified archaeas from Euryarchaeota Phylum were also found (21,4%). Concerning to bacterias, it was identified clones related to genera Sedimentibacter, Clostridium and Alkalibacter, which have fermentative metabolism and require yeast extract to grow. Probably, bacterial cells analised in this work fermented glucose and pyruvate producing lactate, ethanol, butirate, acetate, formiate and hydrogen/carbon dioxide. All these products could be used for other microbial groups in the global process of anaerobic digestion. The bacterial microorganisms were important to global process of chlorophenol degradation because contributed in the overall process utilizing the products partially degraded by other bacterias and preventing its accumulation in the system. Identified archaeal cells were related to hydrogenotrophs microorganisms of the genera Methanosaeta, Methanoculleus, Methanocalculus and Methanobacterium, which utilized the bacterial fermentation sub-products as acetate, \'H IND.2\'/\'CO IND.2\' and formiate as substrate for the methanogenesis, contributing for the maintenance of the balance of other reactions occurred in the system. The results of this work give advanced knowledge about understanding biotechnological process of contaminated ecosystems by chlorinated compounds. Therefore, it could contribute to development of new biotechnological processes applied to environmental problems.

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